辅助选项卡

Objectives:

Identify general hygiene practices related to diapering and toileting for children.
使用培训员工如何帮助幼儿学习使用厕所的策略。
Teach, model, observe, and provide feedback on general hygiene practices.

Learn

Teach

在儿童保育和学龄教育项目中，保持洗手间清洁至关重要，因为如厕和尿布是主要污染源。不卫生的做法会使工作人员、儿童和青年面临疾病和感染的风险。本课程重点介绍如何帮助员工保持卫生的尿布和如厕习惯。它还包括与接触过便盆训练幼儿的工作人员合作的信息。

At a minimum, sanitary conditions must be maintained in all diapering areas and restrooms. Make sure:

Toilets are flushed.
Floors, doors, walls, and changing surfaces are clean.
Paper towels and other trash are thrown away properly.
自来水、肥皂、纸巾、塑料袋for soiled clothing, and toilet paper are available.
Adults always wash hands after changing a diaper, helping a child use the toilet, assisting with soiled clothing, or touching contaminated surfaces.
All children and adults wash their hands properly.

Many staff members who work with infants and toddlers need guidance in toilet training issues. Toilet training is an important milestone for children and one that staff members must approach sensitively. You can help teachers and staff members learn:

When children are typically ready to begin toilet training
How to tell if a particular child is ready for toilet training
如何帮助儿童顺利完成厕所训练
如何在如厕培训过程中与家庭合作
How to help children (including preschool and school-age children) respond to accidents

考虑使用此视频来教幼儿员工有关如厕培训的知识。

Toilet Training Toddlers

Follow best practices in toilet training toddlers.

You should also remember that staff members who work with preschoolers or school-age children may also need support around promoting independent toileting. For most children, toilet training is a distant memory by kindergarten. That doesn't mean there won't be an occasional accident, though. It also doesn't mean that they won't need some support around their growing independence. Here are some things to keep in mind when supporting staff who work with school-age children and older preschoolers.

Accidents happen and they can be humiliating for the child. Make sure staff respond sensitively and make it a point to protect the child's privacy. Help staff members think about ways to minimize attention toward the accident and ways they can subtly help children find clean clothes. It's also important that staff members help children "save face" when they re-enter the program area after an accident. Help them think of responses school-age children can give when others ask what happened or why they changed clothes.
Promote independence in young school-agers. In most school-age programs, children do not need adult permission to use the restroom, but this might be a new and difficult idea for young children transitioning into the program. Help staff remain patient and support children as they learn to recognize their own needs and take care of them independently.
提前计划。日常活动或激动人心的特别活动的改变会使孩子们忘记照顾他们的需要。这意味着你应该提醒学龄儿童在野外旅行或长途汽车旅行前使用洗手间。

模型

You can model talking positively to toddlers about the toilet. Join in congratulating children who "go potty."

Help staff members identify ways to organize the diapering and toileting areas so that supplies are always accessible and hygiene is maintained. Set up opportunities for teachers or caregivers in infant programs to visit each other's classrooms for ideas.

Talk to school-age program staff about how to teach children and youth to maintain sanitary conditions. Regularly inspect the restrooms to make sure they are clean. If you see a problem, talk to staff members right away and make a plan to fix it.

Observe

Watch how the staff member in the following video prepares the changing area in an infant classroom. All staff members should know and follow required cleaning procedures every time.

Cleaning Diaper Changing Stations

This video shows high quality practices for cleaning changing stations.

花几分钟时间想想你在婴儿期和学龄期环境中可能遇到的洗手间条件。阅读此图表并思考在您的设置中最可能出现的情况。你会怎么回答？

Age Setting Scenarios

Scenario	You saw: A staff member changing diapers without gloves
你说呢	What you might say: "Gloves are a major way you can protect yourself and the children."
You Do	你可以做什么： Offer training on glove-wearing procedures Discuss the benefits of wearing gloves 确保提供各种尺寸的手套

Scenario	You saw: 一名工作人员完成了换尿布，清洁了垫子，并在孩子的日志上写下。然后她洗手。
你说呢	What you might say: "The pen that you used for the log is contaminated. Let's disinfect that pen and talk about the steps for cleaning…"
You Do	你可以做什么： Suggest moving the diaper log slightly further away from the changing area as a physical reminder that it is a separate step and that hands must be washed Put a sticker on the pen that says, "Clean" as a reminder to wash hands first

Scenario	You saw: You walk through the classroom mid-day and see paper towels on the floor and little puddles beside the toilets.
你说呢	What you might say: "I know you make sure your restrooms are clean everyday at opening and closing, but we've also got to make sure we stay on top of it all day…"
You Do	你可以做什么： Make a plan with the staff about monitoring the restrooms hourly Continue to do "spot checks" on your classroom visits 在房间里养成健康的习惯：鼓励孩子扔掉自己的毛巾等。 Talk to supervisor if staff members do not implement hygiene practices and this becomes a performance issue

Scenario	You saw: You see a pair of underwear hanging over the stall door. The staff member says the child's mother asked them to rinse dirty underwear before sending them home if the child had an accident.
你说呢	What you might say: "I understand where his mom is coming from, but rinsing the underwear introduces germs into our sinks and increases the risk of contamination. Would you like me to come this afternoon and help talk to her?"
You Do	你可以做什么：如果工作人员要求，在母亲接电话时安排在教室 Provide information on the program's policies for helping children with accidents and preventing the spread of bacteria

Scenario	You saw: A sink is clogged and is causing water to overflow.
你说呢	What you might say: “我让维修知道水槽堵塞。Please make sure children do not use that sink until it's fixed."
You Do	你可以做什么： Put up a wet-floor sign Help staff members monitor the area Follow-up on maintenance request Work with staff to talk to children about the issue and to make sure restrooms are monitored adequately

Scenario	You saw: 一个小孩突然腹泻，洗手间附近有一股强烈的气味。其他孩子都在笑，捂着鼻子，大声谈论着孩子和气味。
你说呢	What you might say: “我帮生病的孩子进办公室，给你拿他妈妈的电话。您的团队可以在计划区域保持业务正常。请检查一下洗手间，如果有内务问题需要解决，请告诉我。”
You Do	你可以做什么： Assist the child to a "sick area" near the office and away from other children 提供必要的清洁和消毒协助；呼叫维护（如适用） Talk to staff about what they can do with the other children and their comments in future situations like this. For example, staff might comment, "Everyonegets sick sometimes!"

Scenario	You saw: A five-year-old continually asks to use the restroom although it is always accessible.
你说呢	What you might say: “看来乔西还不太明白如何独立地照顾自己的需要。你觉得我们怎么能帮她记住洗手间总是开着的，她不需要问？”
You Do	你可以做什么：当Josie要求使用洗手间时，向员工提供一些她可以使用的“提醒”短语 Brainstorm strategies that Josie can use to remember to use the restroom on her own.

It is important to ensure compliance with sanitary diapering and toileting areas. Use the洗手间和尿布环境最佳实践清单在下面的“应用活动”部分中，将您的观察重点放在这组重要的能力上。完成观察后，将表格存储在员工培训文件中，以记录此技能的进度和能力。

Explore

有时，工作人员很难对幼儿进行如厕训练，他们可能会使用与最佳做法不一致的技术。使用What Do I Say Now Activityto read the scenario and answer the questions. Then compare your answers to the suggested responses.

What Do I Say Now - Toileting and Diapering

What Do I Say Now - Toileting and Diapering Suggested Responses

Apply

It can be helpful to have a library of professional resources. Use theToilet Training Booklistas you consider purchasing titles for your program’s library so you can share them with staff members.

Use the洗手间和尿布环境最佳实践清单作为一个重点观察工具，支持已完成健康环境课程，但可能需要额外的支持和反馈尿布和如厕程序的工作人员。这个检查表提供了一个简单的方法来跟进围绕这个主题设定的目标，也提供了关于你观察到的具体反馈给工作人员。

Toilet Training Booklist

洗手间和尿布环境最佳实践清单

Glossary

Term	Description
Hygiene	The set of practices that help keep people healthy
Soiled clothing	Clothes that have been contaminated with urine, feces, or other body fluids