随着学龄儿童变得更加独立的,监督对于保持安全性是至关重要的。本课程侧重于在室内和户外提供适当的监督的方法。
辅助标签
- 认识到监督适用于不同的发展水平和不同的活动。
- 认识到抵达,解雇,室内和户外的监督需求。
- Develop methods for ensuring all children are accounted for.
- 评估洗手间程序,以确保监督和隐私。
学
知道
您负责监督您在您的照顾中每个孩子的持续活动。在学龄课程中,活动应该支持儿童独立性的发展和越来越多的责任感。孩子们应该有机会做出有意义的选择,遵循他们的兴趣,独自花时间或小组。作为一个工作人员,您的所有技能都将使用支持每个孩子,因为他们获得更多独立性。
It is very important that you take your role as a school-age staff member very seriously. Distractions can be deadly. You should never become so engrossed in any activity that your ability to supervise children is compromised. Any work-related reading, telephone calls, or computer use should be discussed with your supervisor and planned for a time when you are not responsible for children.
您还需要将您的监督适应您的护理。由于结构和编程因学龄龄节目而异,监督应该灵活地满足所有儿童的需求。群体和个人的监督水平取决于两件事:儿童的特征和活动的特征。一些孩子可能需要比其他孩子更接近。您应该考虑学龄儿童的年龄,能力,发展阶段和需求。非常幼儿,具有特殊医疗保健需求的儿童,残疾儿童或行为需求的儿童可能需要更接近的监督。
In addition, the type, complexity, and level of risk or difficulty of activities should be taken into account. For example, more supervision may be necessary when learning a new or difficult skill. Less supervision may be necessary in activities like reading or playing board games. Independence for older children should be respected and encouraged.
监督是一个积极的过程。它涉及观看,听,互动,监测和防止问题。在学龄计划中,监督描述员工如何帮助保护儿童免受伤害或其他危害。根据美国儿科学院,“积极和积极监督”涉及:
- 知道ing each child’s abilities
- 建立明确和简单的安全规则
- 了解和扫描潜在的安全危险
- 站立在战略位置
- Scanning play activities and circulating around the area
- 专注于积极而不是消极,教导孩子和其他孩子是安全的
- Teaching children the appropriate and safe use of each piece of equipment (e.g., using a slide feet-first only and teaching why climbing up a slide can cause injury)
要注意您的室内和室外环境如何影响监督也很重要。良好的环境设计是有效监督的第一步。您应该使用低架,清晰的交通模式和安全材料设计您的空间。您还必须教育学龄儿童的计划安全规则。您的日常安全检查应确保您已经采取了所有预防措施,以保持学龄儿童安全。
因为室外游戏是活跃的,学龄儿童通常需要更多的监督户外。必须随时遵循成人儿童比率。如果需要,您还应该能够联系另一名成人寻求帮助,而不离开孩子。上市某些程序可以在必要时使用对讲机或手机,这是这种情况的优秀工具。对于某些户外活动,应制定书面计划以提供更高的监督。这些活动的例子可能包括游泳,滑雪,滑板或骑自行车。有时在户外活动期间,组大小可能超过30;但是,必须有足够的监督对本集团。
看
有效和积极的监督看起来像什么?在本节中,您将看到在抵达和解雇期间监督的视频示例,在室内和户外。
在抵达期间监督和解雇
You must have written instructions from parents as to how their children will be arriving and departing. See the attachment below for a sample release/pickup authorization form. Now watch how this program ensures accountability during arrival and dismissal.
在室内监督儿童
Staff members should position themselves in such a way that they can move around an area and see all children easily. They must use active supervision strategies to notice risks and take action. Having appropriate activities along with setting and maintaining clear and consistent rules and consequences help children learn expectations that guide appropriate behavior. Watch how this staff member recognizes a problem, takes action, and follows through.
Supervising Children Outdoors
团队应该共同努力,以识别孩子通常需要帮助的“热点”,或者成年人看到儿童的艰难时间。工作人员应该战略性地争夺,因此他们可以监督所有领域。这意味着员工不会站立或坐在操场上。工作人员应与学龄儿童积极展开,观看,倾听和互动。在监督一个区域时,谨慎讨论长期讨论或与儿童或小群体的剧本。难以与团体进行的同时监督所有儿童。考虑将某些工作人员分配给监督和其他工作人员进行播放和谈话。观看该程序如何使用区域在户外监督。
做
让孩子们安全:维持儿童的问责制
Because school-age children move around the facilities, it is important to have methods and strategies in place for ensuring that all children are accounted for at all times. According to照顾我们的孩子:
- 通过将名称匹配到面部来计算儿童。
- 每次过渡时,以及留下一个区域并抵达另一个区域并达到预定的依据。你应该大约每15到30分钟计算孩子。
- 确保您可以始终陈述您的护理中的孩子数量。
- 记录参加表格或口袋卡的计数。
- 注意任何离开小组的孩子(例如,那些去课外活动或早期捡起的人)。
- 了解学龄儿童的位置,当他们有权不在视线上,定期检查它们。
- 有一个系统知道孩子在哪个孩子从房间移动到房间或从内到外面。
当学龄儿童使用洗手间设施时,他们不再需要直接监督。您此时的作用是帮助儿童安全独立使用洗手间设施。在使用洗手间时,没有必要看到每个孩子,但如果需要帮助,您应该能够听到所有孩子。您还应该能够快速进入洗手间,为年轻学龄儿童提供帮助。根据您环境的布局,工作人员可以监控洗手间的入口,或者您的程序可能有一个系统,如厕所通过或签出表,以帮助工作人员在使用洗手间时对儿童负责。在使用洗手间时给予学龄儿童隐私非常重要。应出席工作人员监督洗手和其他卫生程序。公众不应该进入洗手间。
探索
积极监督涉及您作为学龄工作人员的所有技能。阅读这个方案监督activity. Identify the problems related to supervision. Then, brainstorm possible solutions. Share your responses with a coach, trainer, or administrator. Compare your answers to the suggested answers key.
申请
It is important to know where the “hot spots” are in your program and on the playground. Draw a map of your program or playground in the space provided in this热点activity. Spend some time observing children. Each time you see a problem behavior or an injury, mark an X where it occurred. At the end of the day, look for patterns. Which areas have the most Xs? Discuss your results with your team, administrator, trainer, or coach.
证明
美国儿科学会,美国公众alth Association, National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care and Early Education. 2011. Caring for Our Children: National health and safety performance standards; Guidelines for early care and education programs. 3rd edition. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; Washington, DC: American Public Health Association. Also available athttp://nrckids.org
Bender,J.,(2005)半小时,学龄儿童的时间,学龄票据,纳什维尔。
美国消费者产品安全委员会(CPSC; 2010)。公共操场安全手册。从...获得https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/325.pdf