School-AgePhysical Development支持物理发展：促进正面形象
在学年期间，儿童经历他们的机构的变化，这些机构通常会导致不安全感和自尊的问题。本课程将解释哪些身体形象是什么，以及如何寻找儿童可能具有负面身体图像或低自尊的迹象。您还将学习帮助激励学龄儿童的方式提高自尊心，帮助他们对自己的身体感到舒服。
辅助标签
- 描述和定义身体图像。
- 认识到具有负面身体形象和/或低自尊的学龄儿童的迹象。
- 制定鼓励学龄儿童的方法，具有积极的身体形象和健康的自尊。
- 申请methods for healthy goal-setting for school-age children.
学
学
知道
什么是身体形象？
身体形象的方式我们认为自己的身体以及我们相信其他人可能会想到我们的身体的方式。有时，我们创造的心理图片与我们在镜子中看到的东西以及别人看到的东西都很大。很常见，专注于可以在忽略积极态度的同时被认为是否定的否定方面。这在旧的学龄儿童和青少年中非常普遍。一旦孩子的身体进入青春期并开始改变成成人身体，不安全的感受和消极的身体形象就可以形成。
学龄儿童的共同不安全是关于体重。在青春期期间，学龄儿童将经历增长刺激。有些人可能会让孩子感到lanky和尴尬;其他人留下了额外的重量。
Negative body image affects boys and girls. In today’s society, with easy access to photographs of celebrities and models, school-age children are exposed to images of an “ideal body type” that has been created by the media.
消极的身体形象也可以来自别人所说的。戏弄和欺凌可能导致学龄儿童对他们的身体产生负面情绪，并降低了他们的自尊。并非所有的孩子都会同时发展或以同样的方式发展，并且往往可以挑选比大多数更快或更慢的孩子们的外表。
要找什么
您作为学龄工作人员的一部分，将每日观察儿童在您的照顾中。您已经收到了有关进行健康和安全检查的信息，但您也要注意学龄儿童的心理健康也很重要。具有负面身体形象或患有低自尊的学龄儿童可能会显示以下行为中的一些行为：
要寻找的例子
| 对自己说否定事物 | 如果孩子谈论自己或自己或使用“愚蠢”或“胖子这样的话就会谈论或使用”愚蠢“，试着从事那个孩子在谈话中。问为什么他们会说，并尝试通过恭维和讨论成就来使谈话更积极。 |
| 容易沮丧 | Some school-age children may give up quickly when they become frustrated or are given a difficult task. This can sometimes be mistaken for laziness; however, some children do not have enough self-worth to bother trying. For example, a student may give up after the first try at a new sport. When you try to talk to the child about why she or he quit, you might hear something like, “It doesn’t matter, and my mom won’t care anyway.” This may be a sign that this child has low self-esteem and doesn’t think highly enough of himself or herself to try something new. |
| Having a difficult time overcoming change | 经历次要的变化或挫折可能似乎是患有低自尊的儿童的巨大损失或障碍。您可以通过解释改变并帮助他们了解如何进一步进一步帮助这些儿童，同时让他们了解“新正常”可能是什么。例如，如果孩子通过对日常计划或取消实地考察的变更而过度令人满意，请尝试解释为什么改变发生并讨论会发生什么而不是原始计划。 |
| 行为或个性的突然变化 | Any sudden changes in behavior or personality should be carefully observed. Sometimes these changes are just phases, but other times they can be cries for help from a child with low self-esteem. If you have concerns about a child, discuss them with your administrator. |
| 外观突然变化 | A sudden change to clothing, makeup or hairstyle can be a sign that a child is trying to fit in or change. This is simply the way some children behave and it can be completely normal. It can become dangerous when the changes are negative, such as an 11-year-old girl who has suddenly started to dress provocatively or a child who looks unwashed or neglected. You should also observe any drastic weight change in a child as this could be a sign of an eating disorder. |
| 饮食习惯的突然变化 | Eating disorders often begin when a child enters puberty. It is important to observe the eating habits of the school-age children in your care. If you notice a child not eating, eating less than normal, or eating large amounts of food, talk with your administrator about your observations and concerns. |
| Sudden changes in exercise routines | 所有孩子都应该每天锻炼和享受体育活动。许多孩子参加有组织的运动。当它变得过度时，运动会变得危险。如果您发现一个孩子似乎痴迷于锻炼和燃烧卡路里 - 例如，谈论在半夜起床才能做练习 - 与您的管理员分享您的观察。这可能是饮食失调或危险的负面身体形象的迹象。另一方面，通常活跃和突然停止玩他们最喜欢的游戏或参与体育活动的儿童也可能具有低自尊。有时，当孩子变得过于悲伤或沮丧时，他们缺乏能源和动力来跟上他们的常规活动。如果您注意到任何突然更改，请与您的管理员讨论您的观察结果。 |
How to Help
As a school-age staff member, the first way you can help the children in your care is to be a positive role model. Try your best to be healthy, active and positive. Do not make negative comments about yourself or talk about the new diet fad you are trying. Be confident and positive and accepting of who you are both inside and out. The following tips will help children have positive body images and healthy self-esteem.
- 识别和重定向负面或不准确的思想：如果您正在与一个叫做自己或自己的孩子，或者取笑他或她的外表，请通过重定向负面评论。专注于积极的东西或帮助孩子设定目标。例如，如果孩子沮丧，因为他是他唯一没有经历过大型增长的朋友，则解释所有孩子都以不同的速度增长，并且他的身体也将在适当时期增长。在一起工作，并在需要时提供辅导帮助和资源。
- 给予适当的赞誉: Not all children receive praise at home. Give compliments, encouragement and praise to every child, every day. Having an adult that is proud of them and who believes in them can mean a world of difference to children who have self-esteem issues. Observe your children daily so that you can give compliments on a new pair of glasses or a new haircut. Give encouragement when children are playing a game of soccer or working on a project. Give compliments for a job well done.
- 讨论接受:开放讨论接受你self for who you are. Help children understand the difference between the characteristics and features that they cannot change about themselves, such as their shoe size or ethnicity, and the features they can change, like reaching a healthy weight or improving athletic skills.
目标设置
目标设置是自尊和自我改善的一个非常重要的方面。只要我们对此健康的方式，希望改善自己的事情，没有任何问题。与学龄儿童合作，帮助他们为他们想要完成的事情设定目标。如果孩子们想提高他们的篮球技能，请帮助他们弄清楚练习的时间。如果孩子愿意变得更加健康，请帮助他或她设定现实的目标，并提供机会参加您的计划内的体力活动。检查孩子的进步并提供鼓励。
以下是帮助学龄儿童设定目标的提示：
- 现实和具体的目标是最容易保留的。短期目标对学龄儿童更容易专注于似乎压倒性的。
- Being organized helps school-age children complete a goal. In the Apply section of this lesson, you will practice helping children organize their goals.
- Patience is required to make a lifestyle change become a habit. It could take several months for changes to such things as diet and exercise to become routine.
- 重复实现了目标。学龄儿童定期重复他们的目标可能会有所帮助，告诉他们的家人和同龄人，或者把它写下。
- 挫折或障碍并不意味着失败。如果他们没有立即成功，学龄儿童可能很容易受到沮丧。重要的是提醒他们，改变需要时间和奉献精神。
- 如果由于正确的原因设定，则只能获得目标。确保学龄儿童设定了他们想要为自己而完成的目标。
See
通过变革支持学龄儿童
做
通过开发阶段帮助学龄儿童是您作为工作人员角色的重要组成部分。记得始终尊重，只提供事实信息。
- 支持。试着记住它是一个遇到身体和情感变化的学龄儿童的样子。是理解和同情这种发展阶段。
- 提供资源。始终有优质的事实信息，可以与学龄儿童和家人一起分享。身体形象和自尊可以是难以讨论的难题，所以你的指尖有良好的信息将有助于你知道该说些什么。
- 提供鼓励。如果学龄儿童正在努力与自尊或身体形象问题斗争，令人鼓舞和支持。帮助他们将任何负面情绪重定向到积极的情绪中并为自己设定目标。
Explore
Explore
完成反思和批判性思维：身体形象活动。完成问题，然后通知您的教练，教练或管理员。
申请
申请
正如您在本课程中学到的，目标设置可能是帮助学龄儿童发展自尊的重要工具。通读Haley的目标设置思考哈利伊可以达到目标的其他方式。使用目标工作表,think about how you could help a school-age child organize their goals into smaller steps. Share your responses with your coach, trainer, or administrator.
Demonstrate
Demonstrate
Moss, W. (2011).成为我：一个孩子推动信心和自尊的指导。American Psychological Association.
Willett，E。（2007）。消极的身体形象。纽约：罗森酒吧。
The American Academy of Pediatrics. (2004).照顾你的学龄儿童。New York: Bantam Books.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). BAM! Body and Mind. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/bam/