知道

作为学龄工作人员的一部分，将支持您在关心的儿童的身体发展。为了正确地做到这一点，您可以了解学龄儿童是否适合和所需类型的身体活动是重要的。

Motor Development

电机发展或肌肉协调的增长，在孩子生命的前五年中迅速发生。学龄儿童继续以更缓慢和更详细的方式发展和加强运动技能。电机开发涉及两种单独的组件：机动性技能和精细机动技能。毛动作力的技能是在我们身体中使用大肌肉的动作，例如我们的手臂和腿部散步，跑步和跳跃。精细电机技能是使用较小的肌肉的动作，例如我们的手指和脚趾用于写作或平衡的肌肉。

Gross-Motor Development

大多数学龄儿童都将制定其基本的运动技能，而是由于学龄儿童在身体上生长和发展，因此他们继续发展较大的肌肉。学龄儿童可以通过练习和重复继续发展他们的大肌肉技能。例如，如果一个8岁的孩子想要学习如何抛出棒球，他或她应该在一段时间内重复地练习行动，以发展技能。

经历增长的孩子们经常缺乏协调，看起来笨拙。他们可能在躯干和手臂上产生了增长，但不在他们的腿上，或者他们的脚在其余的身体之前可能会完全生长。经历这些阶段的儿童将不得不在某些运动技能中努力工作。在本课程之后，您将了解如何支持正在经历这种发展的学龄儿童的情感需求。

您可以通过将某些活动纳入您的计划，帮助支持较大肌肉的物理开发。下表包含支持大量肌肉开发和关于如何将其纳入您的计划的思考的活动的示例。

Fine-Motor Development

精细电机技能是使用我们手指，手，脚趾和脚上的小肌肉的动作。学龄儿童将掌握最良好的运动技能。他们将能够使用器具，绘制，绑鞋带，并使用扣子和按钮。这些技能和肌肉的发展将在每个孩子的不同之处。有时，如果孩子的引人手手协调技能不如开发，他们难以加强他们的精细机动技能。像所有的发展里程碑一样，这些往往会随着时间的推移而甚至出现，到12岁，大多数孩子都将掌握着眼睛的协调。有助于加强精细机动技能的活动的例子是：

写作，绘画和绘画	Write a letter or draw a picture to send to a family member or friend who lives somewhere else.
玩乐器	让孩子用乐器创建自己的歌曲，并鼓励其他孩子弥补言语或跳舞。
Using a computer and mouse	Utilize the computer making lists, typing biographies to attach to artwork, finding recipes, and playing educational games.
工艺	提供使用剪刀，缝制，钩针和串珠的机会。
探索	在户外时，孩子们可以像在环境中找到的叶子，树枝和岩石一样检查并检查物体。

适合的活动

When planning physical activities for school-age children, it is important to choose activities that are the “right fit.” This means that they are not too easy or meant for younger children while ensuring that they are not too difficult with unachievable expectations. You want to set children up for success by giving them the opportunity to reach a goal, win a game, or achieve their personal best. Planning activities that are fun, developmentally appropriate, and designed to keep school-age children physically active will be part of your role as a school-age staff member.

疾病控制和预防的中心建议学龄儿童每天身体活跃至少60分钟。他们还建议使用有氧活动，肌肉加强和骨骼加强运动或活动组合。下表来自CDC，并列出了落入这三个类别的活动的详细信息。由于学龄儿童从幼儿到早期青少年的孩子，因此应相应地使用这些信息，具体取决于您在您的护理中的儿童年龄。

对于儿童每天参加正确的身体活动，不仅重要，它们还需要参加正确的身体活动类型。当计划学龄儿童的体育活动时，您应该选择有趣，互动活动，孩子们会喜欢做。上图是开始各种活动的好地方。通过避免某些不安全或过于困难的某些活动，保持适合学龄儿童的活动，例如体重训练或过于蓬勃的活动。

确定您的特定学龄儿童群体的难度水平也很重要，这是基于他们的能力。在您谨慎地熟悉儿童的各种身体健康水平之后，您可以开始考虑到他们的特殊能力的活动。重要的是在容易和活动的活动之间找到平衡，这将是充满挑战的活动。只要他们是安全的，计划孩子们会发现挑战的活动是可以的。您可以允许他们测试其身体能力的极限，并尝试实现个人最好的。

活跃：室内

Giving school-age children active choices while indoors will help to support their active lifestyles. Physical activities that are planned for indoor spaces typically fall into two categories. The first are activities that are purposefully planned for physical activity, usually in a large room or gym type of environment. The other indoor activities are often called “action games.” These are activities that can be done in smaller classroom-size spaces and are often used to reinforce a lesson or concept.

Indoor Activities: Large Spaces

Many activities that are planned for outdoor spaces can be adapted to play indoors. Depending on the space available in your program, group games such as tag, soccer, flag football, dodge ball or basketball can also be played indoors as long as there is enough space to do so safely. Other ideas for indoor spaces are:

• Group exercise class: Invite a professional trainer or use a DVD to teach school-age children specific exercise moves and routines.
• 舞蹈：跳舞是儿童燃烧一些能量的有趣方式。为学龄儿童拥有免费舞蹈或教练LED舞蹈。您也可以跳舞或竞争或编排舞蹈为家庭观看。
• 瑜伽：瑜伽is a great way to relax and wind down with school-age children. It also teaches them important coordination, balance and stretching techniques. If an instructor is not available, consider using books and DVDs as a guide.
• Scavenger hunts
• 中继比赛
• 西门说
• Jump rope

值得注意的是，使用商业DVD用于物理健身活动可能需要书面同意公众观看和使用。如果您有兴趣在课堂上使用DVD，请咨询您的管理员，培训师或教练。

室内活动：行动游戏

行动games are a great way to incorporate movement into school-age children’s daily routines. You can use action games as a tool for concept reinforcement or transitions. Action games are also a great option to have on hand when you need to fill a few minutes before pick-up time or if an activity doesn’t go exactly as you planned it. Examples of action games are Simon Says or Charades. Attached to this lesson, you will find a resource list of web and print materials with more examples of these types of games. One of the great things about this type of activity is that such games often require no supplies.

活跃：户外

在学习环境中,yabo电子游艺您学习了what an outdoor space will be like, including the safety requirements. Not all outdoor spaces will be the same. Some programs have large open spaces, playground equipment, grassy areas, or paved areas. Others may utilize a shared space at a school or park. Having physical activities in an outdoor space is a great way to motivate children to be active. Sometimes, games and other activities will be considered free play. This will be when school-age children might play a game of basketball or tag or use their imaginations to create their own game. Whenever possible, join in during these types of games. This will demonstrate that you are also committed to being active and will set a good example.

Other outdoor activities will be planned. Some examples are:

• Athletic games：大多数类型的运动游戏都可以调整与学龄儿童一起玩。你应该花时间越过游戏规则。如果您的小组有专家，让她或他成为领导者并分享游戏规则。
• 实地活动：Sack races, scavenger hunts, balloon tosses and other fun field day activities are a great way to add planned time to your outside schedule.
• 嘲笑锦标赛：举办运动游戏或奥运风格比赛的锦标赛。
• Tag：School-age children enjoy playing a variety of “tag, you’re it” games, such as freeze tag or color tag. They will also enjoy creating their own variations.
• Fitness tests：您可以联系本地代理商，查找有关用于其他运动培训的物理健身测试的信息。
• 啦啦队：啦啦队involves coordination, balance and strength. Some children enjoy writing and developing their own cheers.

当规划学龄儿童的体育活动时，重要的是要记住，并非所有儿童都会产生相同的能力。不要让一个不是运动员感到遗漏的孩子。通过为所有球员提供鼓励来推广团队氛围。玩团队运动时，促进乐趣和经验而不是赢得的兴趣是个好主意。这将有助于减轻少运动儿童的压力。如果您有一些具有良好技能的儿童，请允许他们带领领先，成为船长或通过成为培训师分享技能。这将有助于所有孩子觉得他们有一个重要的作用。

Sensory Development: What is it?

The development of our senses is an important part of physical development. In very young children, sensory development is what helps infants and toddlers gain an understanding of the world around them. As children grow, their sensory development becomes more refined and detailed. Our senses are what allow us to process the environment.

All children (and adults) process their surroundings differently. This is why all children do not like the same foods or listen to the same music. Each person interprets the world around them in a different way by processing it through their senses. Then, based on that process, the brain makes a decision on how to proceed. If the tongue detects an extremely bitter taste, the brain will say, “let’s not try that again!” If the hands touch something extremely hot, the brain learns not to touch that spot again.

All children will benefit from having planned sensory activities in their environment. Any activity that activates the senses can be considered a sensory activity. The chart below provides some examples of sensory activities that are appropriate for school-age children.

活动	规划思想
Auditory 我们处理我们周围的声音的方式	Musical guessing games 沥青匹配 回声游戏（Marco Polo） Sound sequencing games
Visual 我们周围处理图像的方式	记忆回忆游戏 故事用照片说
Tactile 我们处理与我们的身体联系的对象的方式	Discovering objects in nature 感官物质（模塑面团，粘液等） Art activities
Olfactory 我们处理我们周围气味的方式	盲嗅测试 Fruit smell guessing games
料 The way our taste buds process sweet, sour, bitter and salty properties	Blind taste tests 食品比较

支持所有学习者

您可能会发现您的计划中的一些学龄儿童遇到了手写的困难或者可能会组织学校工作。其他人可能会努力弄清楚游戏中的步骤或自发的戏剧互动。如果您有拥有这些经验的孩子，您可能必须适应您的环境以及您的活动，以帮助他们成功。如果您正在与具有特殊学习需求的儿童合作，请考虑现有的实践如何使其能够成功。yabo电子游艺

您护理中的一些儿童可能具有影响其运动发展的条件，包括身体和认知残疾，神经系统和感性障碍以及注意力缺陷/多动障碍。具有个性化教育计划的儿童（IEP）有一个特定的计划，有助于他们履行其个人目标和目标。一般而言，这些孩子已经对他们的学校课程和课堂环境进行了变化和改编。有身体和其他发展障碍的儿童可能需要相关服务，以确保他们充分访问课堂和学校课程，活动，环境，课外活动和活动。您必须确保您的学龄计划中的活动也适用和变更。即使是为左撇子儿童提供左手鼠标的东西也可能提升他们的学习和发展的能力。

孩子们with physical disabilities may have difficulties with motor coordination and muscle strength. While some children may be able to engage in play and self-help activities with minimal or no help at all, other children may need significant support and may require the use of assistive technology, including equipment such as wheelchairs or braces, or communication devices that enable them to explore their surroundings and interact with others. Other children with physical disabilities may also have visual, hearing, or intellectual impairments that require the use of significant supports and accommodations when it comes to daily classroom activities. You may be working with children who have low muscle tone, leading to poor balance, and you will have to support their access and participation in motor activities. You may also encounter children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder who may sometimes be extremely active, impulsive, or more easily distracted, and you will have to support their successful participation in your program activities.

与大自然连接

军事家庭的繁忙生活方式可能会导致学龄儿童的许多室内时间。他们可能会在学校的环境中度过大部分时间，只能在外面前往他们每天60分钟的指定。拥有爱情和尊重户外活动将增加儿童学会使体力活动成为他们生命的一部分。yabo电子游艺鼓励尽可能多的户外时间，计划包括自然环境的活动，并将外部带到室内学习和发现。

看

正如您将在此视频中看到的，因此有各种各样的活动支持学龄儿童的身体发展。

与自然相连对学龄儿童很重要，因为在户外兴奋地鼓励健康的习惯和行为。在此视频中，您将听取计划总监讨论他们在他们的计划中鼓励对自然的热爱。

做

1。学。花时间了解运动的主要类型之间的差异：中等，蓬勃，骨骼强化和肌肉加强。此外，了解哪些类型的活动不适合学龄儿童。

2。Plan。Plan fun and engaging indoor and outdoor physical activities for school-age children. Take time to learn their preferences and understand their skill levels.

3.Be a role model。您可以促进积极生活方式的最佳方式之一就是自己居住。加入游戏，学习新技能，让孩子们在活跃时看到你很开心。