Know

作为学龄工作人员的一部分，将支持您在关心的儿童的身体发展。为了正确地做到这一点，您可以了解学龄儿童是否适合和所需类型的身体活动是重要的。

Motor Development

Motor development, or the growth of muscular coordination, occurs rapidly during the first five years of a child’s life. School-age children continue to develop and strengthen their motor skills in a more slow and detailed way. Motor development involves two separate components: gross-motor skills and fine-motor skills. Gross-motor skills are actions that use the large muscles in our bodies, such as those in our arms and legs for walking, running and jumping. Fine-motor skills are actions that use smaller muscles, such as those in our fingers and toes for writing or balancing.

大型电机开发

Most school-age children will have developed their basic gross-motor skills, but as school-age children grow and develop physically, they continue to develop their larger muscles. School-age children can continue developing their large-muscle skills through practice and repetition. For example, if an 8-year-old wants to learn how to throw a baseball, he or she should practice the action repetitively over a period of time in order to develop the skill.

Children who are experiencing growth spurts often lack coordination and seem clumsy. They may have had a growth spurt in their torso and arms but not in their legs, or their feet might finish growing fully before the rest of their body. Children going through these phases will have to work especially hard to excel at certain athletic skills. Later in this course, you will learn how you can support the emotional needs of school-age children who are experiencing this type of development.

您可以通过将某些活动纳入您的计划，帮助支持较大肌肉的物理开发。下表包含支持大量肌肉开发和关于如何将其纳入您的计划的思考的活动的示例。

Fine-Motor Development

Fine-motor skills are the actions that involve using our small muscles found in our fingers, hands, toes, and feet. School-age children will already have a firm grasp on most fine motor skills. They will be able to use utensils, draw, tie their shoelaces, and use clasps and buttons. The development of these skills and muscles will differ in each child. Sometimes, if a child’s eye-hand coordination skills are not as developed, it will be difficult for them to strengthen their fine-motor skills. Like all developmental milestones, these tend to even out over time, and by age 12, most children will have mastered eye-hand coordination. Examples of activities that can help strengthen fine-motor skills are:

Writing, drawing, and painting	写一封信或绘制图片来发送给住在其他地方的家庭成员或朋友。
Playing musical instruments	Allow children to create their own song with musical instruments and encourage other children to make up words or dance along.
Using a computer and mouse	利用计算机制作列表，键入传记以附加到艺术品，寻找食谱和播放教育游戏。
Crafts	Provide opportunities to use scissors, sew, crochet, and string beads together.
Exploring	When outdoors, children can pick up and examine objects just as leaves, twigs, and rocks that they find in the environment.

适合的活动

当计划学龄儿童的体育活动时，选择“适合契合”的活动非常重要。这意味着他们对年轻的孩子来说不是太容易或意味着，同时确保他们对不可成熟的期望来说并不太难。您希望通过让他们达到目标，赢取游戏或实现个人最佳的机会，让孩子们成功。规划活动是有趣，发育合适的，并旨在保持学龄儿童身体活动将成为您作为学龄工作人员的角色的一部分。

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that school-age children be physically active for a minimum of 60 minutes each day. They also recommend a combination of aerobic activity, muscle-strengthening and bone-strengthening exercises or activities. The table below is from the CDC and lists details of activities that fall into these three categories. Because school-age children range from young children to early adolescents, the information should be used accordingly, depending on the ages of children in your care.

Not only is it important for children to participate in the correct amount of physical activity each day, they also need to participate in the correct types of physical activity. When planning physical activities for school-age children, you should choose fun, interactive activities that children will enjoy doing. The chart above is a great place to start for a variety of activities. Keep activities developmentally appropriate for school-age children by avoiding certain activities that are unsafe or too difficult, such as weight training or activities that are overly vigorous.

It is also important to determine level of difficulty for your particular group of school-age children, which is based on their abilities. After becoming familiar with the variety of physical fitness levels of the children in your care, you can begin to plan activities with their particular abilities in mind. It is important to find a balance between activities that are easy and activities that will be challenging. It is OK to plan activities that children will find challenging as long as they are safe. You can allow them to test the limits of their physical abilities and try to achieve a personal best.

Being Active: Indoor

在室内提供学龄儿童积极选择，有助于支持他们的积极生活方式。适用于室内空间的体育活动通常分为两类。首先是有目的地计划体育活动的活动，通常在大型房间或健身类型的环境中。其他室内活动通常被称为“动作游戏”。这些是可以在较小的课堂尺寸空间中完成的活动，并且通常用于加强课程或概念。

Indoor Activities: Large Spaces

Many activities that are planned for outdoor spaces can be adapted to play indoors. Depending on the space available in your program, group games such as tag, soccer, flag football, dodge ball or basketball can also be played indoors as long as there is enough space to do so safely. Other ideas for indoor spaces are:

• 小组练习级：邀请专业培训师或使用DVD来教育学龄儿童特定的运动动作和惯例。
• 舞蹈：跳舞是儿童燃烧一些能量的有趣方式。为学龄儿童拥有免费舞蹈或教练LED舞蹈。您也可以跳舞或竞争或编排舞蹈为家庭观看。
• Yoga: Yoga is a great way to relax and wind down with school-age children. It also teaches them important coordination, balance and stretching techniques. If an instructor is not available, consider using books and DVDs as a guide.
• Scavenger hunts
• 中继比赛
• Simon Says
• 跳绳

It is important to note that the use of commercial DVDs for physical fitness activities may require written consent for public viewing and use. If you are interested in utilizing DVDs in your classroom, consult with your administrator, trainer, or coach.

Indoor Activities: Action Games

Action games are a great way to incorporate movement into school-age children’s daily routines. You can use action games as a tool for concept reinforcement or transitions. Action games are also a great option to have on hand when you need to fill a few minutes before pick-up time or if an activity doesn’t go exactly as you planned it. Examples of action games are Simon Says or Charades. Attached to this lesson, you will find a resource list of web and print materials with more examples of these types of games. One of the great things about this type of activity is that such games often require no supplies.

Being Active: Outdoor

在学习环境课程yabo电子游艺中，您了解了户外空间的样子，包括安全要求。并非所有室外空间都是一样的。有些程序有大型开放空间，游乐场设备，草地或铺砌区域。其他人可以在学校或公园使用共享空间。在户外空间中的体育活动是激励儿童活跃的好方法。有时，游戏和其他活动将被视为免费播放。这将是学龄儿童可能发挥篮球或标签的游戏​​，或者使用他们的想象力创造自己的游戏。尽可能加入这些类型的游戏期间。这将证明您还致力于积极，并将设置一个很好的例子。

Other outdoor activities will be planned. Some examples are:

• Athletic games:大多数类型的体育游戏可以适应play with school-age children. You should spend time going over the rules of the game. If you have an expert in your group, let her or him be the leader and share the rules of the game.
• Field-day activities：Sack races, scavenger hunts, balloon tosses and other fun field day activities are a great way to add planned time to your outside schedule.
• Mock tournaments：举办运动游戏或奥运风格比赛的锦标赛。
• Tag：School-age children enjoy playing a variety of “tag, you’re it” games, such as freeze tag or color tag. They will also enjoy creating their own variations.
• 健身测试：You can contact local agencies to find information about what physical fitness tests are used for other sports training.
• Cheerleading：Cheerleading involves coordination, balance and strength. Some children enjoy writing and developing their own cheers.

When planning physical activities for school-age children, it is important to remember that not all children will have the same abilities. Don’t let a child who is not athletic feel left out of the game. Promote a team atmosphere by providing encouragement for all players. When playing team sports, it is a good idea to promote playing for fun and experience rather than winning. This will help alleviate stress for less-athletic children. If you have a few children that have well-developed skills, allow them to take the lead and be a captain or share their skills by being a trainer. This will help all children feel that they have an important part to play.

感官发展：它是什么？

The development of our senses is an important part of physical development. In very young children, sensory development is what helps infants and toddlers gain an understanding of the world around them. As children grow, their sensory development becomes more refined and detailed. Our senses are what allow us to process the environment.

所有儿童（和成年人）以不同的方式处理周围环境。这就是为什么所有孩子不喜欢同样的食物或听同样的音乐。每个人都通过他们的感官以不同的方式诠释他们周围的世界。然后，基于该过程，大脑对如何进行决定。如果舌头发现了极其苦味的话，大脑会说，“让我们再试一次！”如果双手触摸一些非常热的东西，大脑会学会再次触摸那个地方。

All children will benefit from having planned sensory activities in their environment. Any activity that activates the senses can be considered a sensory activity. The chart below provides some examples of sensory activities that are appropriate for school-age children.

活动	计划ning Idea
aud The way we process the sounds around us	音乐猜测游戏 Pitch matching Echo games (Marco Polo) Sound sequencing games
Visual 我们周围处理图像的方式	Memory recall games 故事用照片说
Tactile The way we process objects that make contact with our bodies	Discovering objects in nature 感官物质（模塑面团，粘液等） 艺术活动
嗅觉 我们处理我们周围气味的方式	盲嗅测试 Fruit smell guessing games
Gustatory The way our taste buds process sweet, sour, bitter and salty properties	Blind taste tests Food comparisons

Supporting All Learners

您可能会发现您的计划中的一些学龄儿童遇到了手写的困难或者可能会组织学校工作。其他人可能会努力弄清楚游戏中的步骤或自发的戏剧互动。如果您有拥有这些经验的孩子，您可能必须适应您的环境以及您的活动，以帮助他们成功。如果您正在与具有特殊学习需求的儿童合作，请考虑现有的实践如何使其能够成功。yabo电子游艺

您护理中的一些儿童可能具有影响其运动发展的条件，包括身体和认知残疾，神经系统和感性障碍以及注意力缺陷/多动障碍。具有个性化教育计划的儿童（IEP）有一个特定的计划，有助于他们履行其个人目标和目标。一般而言，这些孩子已经对他们的学校课程和课堂环境进行了变化和改编。有身体和其他发展障碍的儿童可能需要相关服务，以确保他们充分访问课堂和学校课程，活动，环境，课外活动和活动。您必须确保您的学龄计划中的活动也适用和变更。即使是为左撇子儿童提供左手鼠标的东西也可能提升他们的学习和发展的能力。

具有身体残疾的儿童可能具有困难的运动协调和肌肉力量。虽然有些孩子可能能够以最小或没有帮助地参与游戏和自助活动，但其他儿童可能需要很大的支持，并且可能需要使用辅助技术，包括轮椅或支架等设备，或通信设备使他们能够探索周围环境并与他人互动。其他具有身体残疾的儿童也可能存在视觉，听证或智力障碍，这些损害需要在日常课堂活动时使用重要的支持和住宿。您可能与肌肉间距低的儿童合作，导致平衡差，您将不得不支持他们的访问和参与电机活动。您也可能遇到有时可能非常活跃，冲动或更容易分散注意力的注意力缺陷缺陷/多动障碍的孩子，并且您必须支持他们的成功参与您的计划活动。

Connecting with Nature

军事家庭的繁忙生活方式可能会导致学龄儿童的许多室内时间。他们可能会在学校的环境中度过大部分时间，只能在外面前往他们每天60分钟的指定。拥有爱情和尊重户外活动将增加儿童学会使体力活动成为他们生命的一部分。yabo电子游艺鼓励尽可能多的户外时间，计划包括自然环境的活动，并将外部带到室内学习和发现。

看

正如您将在此视频中看到的，因此有各种各样的活动支持学龄儿童的身体发展。

Connecting with nature is important for school-age children because being outdoors encourages healthy habits and behaviors. In this video, you will hear a program director discuss how they encourage a love for nature at their program.

Do

1。Learn。花时间了解运动的主要类型之间的差异：中等，蓬勃，骨骼强化和肌肉加强。此外，了解哪些类型的活动不适合学龄儿童。

2。计划。计划fun and engaging indoor and outdoor physical activities for school-age children. Take time to learn their preferences and understand their skill levels.

3.。Be a role model。One of the best ways you can promote an active lifestyle is to live one yourself. Join in games, learn new skills and let children see you having fun while being active.