Know

作为一个成年人，您已经开发出许多帮助您在您周围导航世界的思维技能。考虑帮助您在日常任务中取得成功的技能和策略，如：

• Reading and following the recipe for a new meal
• 交通沉重时发现不同的回家
• 估算家庭改善项目所需的材料数量
• Finishing a book and discussing it with friends
• Filling out a job application
• Fixing a leaking faucet or pipe
• Budgeting for groceries and other essentials

What thinking skills helped with these kinds of tasks? Reading, writing, measuring, calculating, problem-solving, hypothesis testing, comprehending, and recalling facts all are essential for many of the tasks you accomplish every day. You started developing those skills as a child, and they continue to develop as you encounter new situations as an adult. This course will help you understand how your work contributes to the development of thinking skills in the school-age children you serve.

What is Cognitive Development?

Cognitive development is all about learning. When a school-age child solves a math problem, that's cognitive development; when a school-age child questions something she has read, that's cognitive development; and when a school-age child makes a snack or learns to knit, that's cognitive development. Cognitive development happens all the time and is influenced by both our genes and our experiences.

据道奇，科尔克和英雄（2002年）称，“认知发展是指思想以及它的工作原理。它涉及孩子如何认为，他们如何看待他们的世界，以及他们如何使用他们所学的内容。”谁是谁与他们在生活中早期的经历变得有关的一切。大脑随着时间的推移而建造，每次经历都会影响增长和发展。虽然遗传学很重要，但基因与经验之间的相互作用是今天研究的重点。

科学家不再是最重要的，遗传或经验的辩论;它是真的，其中发展域是最重要的。所有发展域都很重要，而且密不可分地联系在一起。卡罗尔·德维克斯坦福大学说：“我们不能雕刻人们 - 没有认知人，情感人，动机，社会人。所有这些都在大脑中发生”（Galinsky，2010）。

yabo电子游艺学习是个人和社会，在社会和文化背景下进行。当孩子健康，情绪安全和社会连接时，加强认知发展。积累负面经历的儿童在整个生命中携带这些影响。换句话说，经历持续一生。

The Importance of Childhood and Early Adolescence

大脑随着时间的推移而建造，每次经历都会影响增长和发展。Outside of their families and their teachers at school, you might be the person they spend the most time with during these critical years of development. It is your job to make sure:

• They are healthy by keeping a clean environment and promoting healthy habits
• 通过尊重学龄岁月内发生的强烈情绪变化并提供一致，培育的支持，它们是情感上的。
• 他们通过培养在课堂上的关系和其他人之间的关系来社会连接

Remember that while you are helping settle an argument over a basketball game, preheating the oven for a cooking activity, building a model airplane, and performing all of the other tasks you do on a daily basis; you are also influencing a developing brain.

看

The experiences you provide every day matter. Take a look at all the ways school-age children are learning in your programs.

认知发展：你有所作为

Do

学龄儿童在结构化学校的环境中度过他们的日子。您的计划可以为学龄儿童提供与他人联系的空间，探索自己的兴趣，发现新技能，并以有趣的方式应用他们的知识。它还可以为他们提供处理他们所在学习的所有时间和空间。yabo电子游艺花点时间审查下面列出的策略，突出了支持学龄儿童和青年的认知发展的方法：

• Provide a variety of materials that capture children's interest and provide a challenge. Model airplanes, jigsaw puzzles, musical instruments, woodworking, and crafts can all provide chances for school-agers to exercise cognitive skills.
• 确保足够的基于“增大化现实”技术的书籍和写作材料e available. Provide interesting, age-appropriate fiction and non-fiction. Also provide reference materials that children can use to research topics that interest them. Provide a comfortable, quiet space for reading and writing.
• Use age-appropriate technology with adult supervision. School-age children can play games on the computer, learn to write code, and use the internet to research interests.
• Give school-agers a sense of ownership. Involve them in making decisions about changes to the facilities (e.g., what plants to grow in the lobby, whether to build an outdoor stage, etc.). Provide authentic responsibilities like caring for plants and cleaning up program spaces.

Completing this Course

For more information on what to expect in this course, the Cognitive Development能力反思以及在整个课程中提供的随附的学习，探索和应用资源和活动的列表，参观学龄儿童认知发展Course Guide。

Please note the References & Resources section at the end of each lesson outlines reference sources and resources to find additional information on the topics covered. As you complete lessons, you are not expected to review all the online references available. However, you are welcome to explore the resources further if you have interest, or at the request of your trainer, coach, or administrator.