关于儿童虐待报告和预防课程的一份说明：与婴儿和幼儿，学龄前儿童和学龄儿童合作的工作人员有单独的课程。亚慱彩票在这些年龄组中存在许多关键概念存在的例子和年龄相关的内容存在重要的变化。使用多个年龄组或搬到不同年龄组的工作人员通常不需要完成多个课程。请与您的T＆CS或经理讨论您的个人专业发展需求。

知道

对于我们大多数人来说，很难想象有人伤害孩子。尽可能令人不安，孩子虐待和忽视是非常真实的。每年超过600,000名儿童是美国虐待或忽视的受害者（美国卫生部和人类服务部，2012年）。我们大多数人永远不会理解为什么个人犯罪或忽视的原因。本课程的目的是帮助您了解虐待和忽视的虐待和忽视。它还可以帮助您了解您在报告和预防滥用和忽视方面的义务。你是一个授权的记者。这意味着您有法律要求报告对适当的当局的滥用或忽视的怀疑（例如，儿童保护服务米尔, Military Family Advocacy Programs, or your Reporting Point of Contact in Army Programs). If you are unsure whether something is abuse or neglect, or rather an infraction of a policy, you may want to discuss this with your supervisor. You never have to seek permission to report. If YOU think a case of abuse or neglect has occurred, you are required to report it properly.

什么是虐待和忽视？

Take a minute to reflect on that definition. What are your impressions of the federal definition? What does it mean? Let’s explore each part in more detail:

• 最近的行为或未能采取行动：这让我们提醒我们，虐待和忽视是两个截然不同的概念。一个孩子可能会受到击球或踢的公开行动的伤害，但是当一个成年人未能提供孩子的幸福时，孩子也可能受到伤害。例如，成年人可能无法提供医疗保健，适当的监督或食物。
• on the part of a parent or caretaker：Remember abuse and neglect can happen anywhere and by anyone. Abuse does not just happen at the hands of a parent or family member. Abuse and neglect can be committed by anyone who is responsible for the care of a child. This might be a teacher, teen volunteer, coach, faith leader, or any other individual in a caregiving or supervisory role.
• 这导致死亡，严重的身体或情绪伤害，性虐待或剥削
• 或者行为或未能采取行动，这提出了迫在眉睫的严重危害风险：We don’t have to wait for tragedies to strike. If a child is in serious risk of harm, it can be considered abuse or neglect.

该定义是最低的联邦标准。各国和政府部门可以制定自己更具体的儿童虐待和忽视的定义。在您的工作场所，您将遵守和遵守儿童虐待和忽视的国防部。

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services和军事家庭倡导计划，虐待儿童虐待和忽视通常落入这四类之一：

虐待儿童在哪里发生？

Child abuse and neglect can happen anywhere. You should be familiar with two distinct types of abuse and neglect.

家族在学龄儿童的家中发生虐待或忽视。虐待或疏忽的行为由父母，监护人或家庭成员犯下。

Institutional在社区或私人环境中的家庭外发生虐待或忽视。这种类型的滥用或疏忽也被称为“of-home”或“额外的家庭”滥用或忽视。米尔在本课程的其余部分，机构滥用将指虐待或忽视，可能发生在国防部的设施，计划或活动部门。本课程将侧重于儿童开发中心，家庭育儿家庭，赞助的外地旅行和学龄关心计划中可能出现的滥用或忽视。亚慱彩票APP但请记住，该机构滥用也可以在安装家庭作业或计算机中心，指导或辅导计划，体育计划，教堂计划，侦察兵，士气福利和娱乐计划，青少年中心和青年方案中。这种类型的滥用通常涉及一个儿童和一个成年人，就像教师，照顾者或志愿者一样。

您将在本课程的最后一课和虐待和忽视预防课程中了解更多有关机构滥用的信息。但是，在开始本课程时，您应该知道一些事情。有一些类型的指导和纪律有可能造成伤害和模型侵略。当我们使用与儿童的侵略性技术时，他们和他们的家庭就会了解对行为的激进反应是好的。这不是我们想要送儿童和家庭的信息。以下做法在学龄计划中没有地方，可能被视为虐待儿童或忽视：

• Corporal punishment：在任何情况下，您可能都不会罢工，击中，鞭打，打击，或对任何年龄的孩子使用任何其他形式的身体惩罚。
• 扣留身体需求:在任何情况下,你可能不会保留food, sleep, physical activity or other needs like toileting from a child as punishment.
• 大喊大叫，羞辱，贬低或威胁孩子：You may not, under any circumstances, intentionally make a child fear for his or her physical or psychological safety. You may not call children hurtful names, threaten children, or make children feel shame.
• 隔离孩子：You may not punish a child by leaving him or her alone (i.e., leaving a child on the playground alone because he did not line up with the group) or by putting the child in “time out” in an enclosed space like a closet, restroom, or cardboard box.
• 绑定或限制孩子的动作：You may not punish a child by preventing him or her from being able to move or speak (i.e., covering a child’s mouth or hands with tape).

如果学龄计划工作人员被指控虐待或忽视，他们可以期望从与儿童直接接触，而调查正在进行中。有关更多具体信息，请与您的经理或T＆CS交谈。

谁是风险的？

虐待儿童和忽视会发生任何人。没有“典型的”施虐者或受害者。然而，有一些情况，滥用或忽视的风险较高。理解虐待和忽视的风险更具风险可以帮助我们为正在经历压力的儿童和家庭提供额外的支持。我们可以想到在几个层面发生的风险：个人，家庭和社区。

有三类儿童患儿童虐待和忽视的风险：幼儿，残疾儿童和具有挑战性行为的儿童。这意味着有困难时期的儿童，控制他们的情绪，遵循方向，或与他人相处可能是风险的。周围的成年人可能很容易沮丧或不知道如何帮助孩子。我们必须小心地记住这并不意味着孩子会导致虐待和忽视。孩子永远不会责怪。它并不意味着只有这些类别的儿童被滥用或被忽视。相反，我们必须记得为孩子们满足这些特征的家庭提供额外的支持。

还有一些家庭的特征，犯罪或忽视更具风险。具有较少的儿童发展或儿童虐待历史的成年人正在增加犯罪虐待或忽视的风险。然而，重要的是要记住，并非所有被虐待的成年人都遭到虐待，因为孩子们继续虐待自己的孩子。具有物质滥用，心理健康问题或纪律方法的成年人也可能存在风险。

Watch this video to learn about the long-term effects of abuse and neglect for school-age children.

虐待更有可能发生在社会孤立的家庭中。由于许多原因，一个家庭可能会被孤立：最近的举措或部署可能将它们与大家庭和朋友分开，长期或无法预测的工作时间表可能会阻止他们具有社会机会，或者他们可能不知道如何与他人联系。儿童虐待和忽视也更有可能发生在经历其他形式的家庭暴力的家庭中，如暴力对抗配偶或伴侣。遇到压力的家庭（如失业，新儿童，婚姻冲突或部署），父母关系不佳，负面互动也是大多数风险。

社区风险因素包括社区暴力，高水平的贫困，高度的流动性和住房不稳定，高失业率和社会联系差。社区风险因素可以增加对家庭的压力增加。当压力很高或获得必要的资源很低时，更有可能发生滥用和忽视。

什么是保护因素？

Take a moment to reflect on the risk factors you just read about. If you could think of ways to counteract or cancel out those risk factors, what would they be? What types of characteristics minimize the risk for child abuse and neglect? Researchers and policymakers have spent a lot of time thinking about these questions. As a result, the Center for the Study of Social Policy has developed the Strengthening Families Protective Factors Framework to prevent child abuse and neglect. It is important to understand this framework because it can help you see that the high-quality work that you do everyday in your program makes a difference in the lives of children and families. Our job is not only to care for each child but also to provide care and support for the whole family. The Strengthening Families Protective Factors framework gives us tools and ideas to support families.

应用部分中有一个资源，供您下载并阅读以了解有关保护因子框架的更多信息。以下是概述了五种保护因素，有助于防止儿童虐待和忽视家庭。当这五个因素很强劲时，家庭的款项更好地配备了他们需要保护孩子免受虐待和忽视所需的技能和支持。

看

观看此视频以了解有关保护因素框架的更多信息。

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What is My Role in Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect?

作为一名学龄员工，您有一个合法和道德的专业义务，保护儿童免受伤害。您是一个疑虑儿童虐待和忽视的授权记者。这意味着您有法律要求报告虐待儿童虐待和忽视的怀疑。您将在后续课程中了解报告程序。目前，重要的是要认识到您有义务报告您对儿童虐待和忽视的怀疑。

在军事设施上，领导者努力创造促进报告的气候。您是一个授权的记者，所以所有安装执法人员，医生，护士，社会工作者，学校人员，家庭倡导计划和儿童，青年和学校人员，心理学家等医务人员。在某些服务和某些设备上，所有服务成员都是强制性的。

What is My Role in Strengthening Families?

Your main role is to learn all you can about families and to build strong relationships with them. You might be the first person a family member talks to about a problem or concern they are having. You might also work with your manager米尔或t＆cs为家庭提供资源(例如,小贴士helping with homework, community information). Thinking about the Protective Factors framework can help you understand simple ways you can support the families you see everyday. You will learn much more about this topic in the Child Abuse Prevention course and in the Families course. For now, take time to learn about the Strengthening Families Protective Factors framework and reflect on how it can guide your work. Make a commitment to build positive relationships with all of the families you work with. You can also continue to:

• 有助于了解您的计划和社区虐待儿童虐待和忽视的认识。
• 参加这样一个所需的培训米尔and others offered by your Family Advocacy Program. You will learn more about Family Advocacy Programs in the next lessons. The Family Advocacy Program works to prevent child abuse and neglect by offering programs to build and support families in building the protective factors all families need. If abuse does occur, the FAP has trained staff to assess reported incidents and respond accordingly to keep victims safe and to work with families to create safe, stable, and nurturing relationships for children。
• 了解社区资源米尔或安装that you can share with families.
• 访问https://cssp.org/our-work/projects/protective-factors-framework/了解有关保护因素框架方法的更多信息。

完成本课程

有关本课程中的预期，儿童虐待的更多信息：识别和报告能力反思以及在整个课程中提供的随附的学习，探索和应用资源和活动列表，参观学龄儿童虐待：识别和报告课程指南。

Please note the References & Resources section at the end of each lesson outlines reference sources and resources to find additional information on the topics covered. As you complete lessons, you are not expected to review all the online references available. However, you are welcome to explore the resources further if you have interest, or at the request of your trainer, coach, or administrator.