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目标：

识别轻伤、重伤和致命伤。
识别应联系EMS（紧急医疗服务）何时应联系EMS（紧急医疗服务）的迹象和症状。
评估如何应对伤害。

Learn

It is very important that you take a course in first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This lesson does not replace that course. This lesson only provides a brief introduction to keeping children safe when they are injured.

Know

Children are natural explorers. Have you ever thought, “That child has no fear!”? You were probably right: Preschool children do not always recognize the danger in situations. They challenge their developing bodies and minds. In child-development programs, we have to be prepared to respond to a range of injuries. Some injuries will only require cleaning and bandaging. Other injuries require immediate medical attention. You must be able to tell the difference between the two. You must be prepared to respond during any situation. Consider these examples:

As Simone climbs the ladder on the slide, she twists her ankle and falls backward onto the ground. Her left foot is turned at an awkward angle.
Dante和Claire正在通过他们的游乐区追逐铺设的道路上。丹特绊倒并皮质膝盖。
Madison and Tristan are riding trikes down a path that goes down a slight hill. Madison stops his trike at the bottom of the hill. Tristan can’t stop in time and runs into Madison. Both trikes fall over on top of the children. Madison hits his mouth on the bar of his trike and loses a tooth.
Luke drops his favorite piece of artwork on the way to his dad’s car. It flutters into the parking lot and he dashes out to catch it. The oncoming vehicle cannot stop in time to miss him.
路易斯带给你一些他在地板上发现的“糖果”。你认为它们实际上是必须从成年人的钱包里堕落的药片。Luis已经吞下了一些药片，但你无法确定多少。
米莉在午餐期间与她的朋友们咯咯地笑了起来。突然她开始窒息。她不能咳嗽或发出任何声音。

您的设施和教室设计用于在发生事故时将风险降至最低。例如，经过适当检查的游乐场设备和缓冲的坠落区，使西蒙不太可能在滑梯坠落中受重伤。你教的安全规则使孩子们在高速行驶时相互碰撞的可能性降低。即使在最好的情况下，事故也会发生。你必须准备好面对大大小小的伤害。

有些伤害很小，只需要轻微的急救。例如，当Dante皮革膝盖时，他的照顾者可能会通过清洁伤口，涂抹绷带并完成事件报告来响应。丹特能够继续玩。

其他伤害是严重的，但没有生命威胁。例如，麦迪逊和西蒙隆可能需要医疗治疗，但它们不太可能面临永久性残疾或死亡。

有些伤害是危及生命，需要立即医疗。例如，Luke的事故与移动的车辆，Luis'摄入身份不明的药片，米莉的窒息都可能导致严重伤害或死亡。作为儿童发展专业人士，您必须能够识别这些情况并适当回应。

你必须知道有什么资源可以帮助受伤的孩子。根据受伤的严重程度，您可以：

表演，或找到培训的人进行训练，急救或心肺复苏术。您的雇主和社区机构提供急救和CPR的培训，例如红十字会。
Call emergency medical services (EMS) or its equivalent in international locations. EMS refers to any emergency responders in your area. These may be firefighters, ambulance companies, or the police. EMS services are reached when you dial 911 in the United States. Outside the United States, talk to your supervisor about how to obtain emergency medical services.

看到

当您决定如何应对伤害时，您必须知道要查找的内容。

如果儿童出现以下任何症状，请立即拨打急救电话：

你相信孩子的生命面临风险，或者存在永久性伤害的风险。
孩子呼吸困难，哮喘加重，或不能说话。
孩子的皮肤或嘴唇看起来是蓝色、紫色或灰色的。
The child has rhythmic jerking of arms and legs and a loss of consciousness (seizure).
孩子无意识。
The child is less and less responsive.
儿童在头部受伤后出现以下情况之一：警觉水平下降、意识混乱、头痛、呕吐、易怒或行走困难。
孩子在任何地方疼痛加剧或剧烈。
孩子的剪切或烧伤是大，深的，或不会停止出血。
孩子是呕吐的血液。
The child has a severely stiff neck, headache, and fever.
The child is significantly dehydrated: sunken eyes, lethargic, not making tears, not urinating.
同时受伤或严重疾病影响的多个孩子。
如有疑问，请致电EMS。

打过急救电话后，记得联系孩子的法定监护人。

如果孩子有以下任何症状，请在一小时内获得医疗注意：

任何年龄患者都看起来不仅仅是生病的年龄。
儿童在不到两个月（八周）的孩子中发烧。
A quickly spreading purple or red rash.
A large volume of blood in the stools.
A cut that may require stitches.
任何在儿童护理计划中具体概述的任何医疗状况都需要父母通知。

Do

防止伤害：Follow procedures outlined in other lessons in this course. Make sure dangerous and toxic items are out of children's reach.

Be prepared:Have a well-stocked first-aid kit. Make sure your first-aid and CPR training are always current.

Respond quickly:Use what you learned in your first-aid courses.

Stay calm.
Survey the scene.环顾四周，了解出了什么问题。决定是否对您接近是安全的。告诉孩子你在那里提供帮助。提出问题并检查儿童前往脚趾的伤害。
Take action.决定伤害是否有威胁：孩子有意识吗？孩子呼吸吗？如果孩子没有呼吸，请根据需要进行CPR。使用您在急救和CPR培训中学到的内容来正确完成程序。如果伤害不是生命的威胁，请检查儿童前往脚趾。寻找所有伤害。询问儿童问题并继续检查呼吸和心率。执行所需的任何基本急救。除非他或她的生活有风险，否则不要移动孩子。
Make the calls.Decide whether you need to call EMS. Call the child's family.
凑凑热闹。Be prepared to ride with the child in the ambulance. Know what documents and contact information you need to bring with you.
文件。Report the injury using the forms provided by your workplace.

探索

It is important to think about what you would do during stressful situations. Download and print the响应伤害活动。Complete the answers and talk about them with a supervisor, trainer, or coach. Then compare your answers to the suggested responses.