辅助选项卡

    目标:
    • Identify types of emergencies that may occur in a preschool classroom.
    • Recognize types of disasters that may be unique to program location.
    • Distinguish the difference between an emergency and a disaster.
    • 制定书面应急计划for your program.
    • 练习你的项目应急计划。

    学习

    学习

    你知道吗

    自然灾害、疾病、伤害或暴力威胁都会破坏儿童保育计划的日常工作。作为教师和照料者,我们的工作是在这些困难事件中保护儿童的安全。我们也可以成为一个资源和安慰的家庭和社区正在挣扎。

    Types of Emergencies and Knowing Your Risk

    应对紧急情况的第一步是了解可能影响你和你照顾的孩子的灾害类型。

    不寻常的事情时有发生,需要你迅速做出反应。如果有可能造成伤害、伤害或生命损失,这些事件就是紧急情况。紧急情况可能会影响您的教室、课程、当地、地区或整个国家。通常影响儿童发展计划的紧急情况有:

    • 损伤:Children and staff may experience bodily harm while in your program. This may result from falls, accidents, or contact with poisonous substances.
    • 恶劣天气:Snow, ice, or extreme heat can impact the safety of children and families.
    • Technology failure:停电或停水会影响程序的运行方式。
    • Missing child:This type of emergency occurs when a child leaves or is taken from the program without authorization.

    When emergencies are more severe, affect a larger number of people, or present a stronger risk, they can be thought of as disasters. Disasters come in all shapes and sizes. The type of disaster you are likely to encounter depends on the many characteristics of the region in which you live. There are several types of disasters that might affect child care programs:

    1. 自然灾害:
      这类灾害包括洪水、龙卷风、飓风、暴风雪、森林火灾、野火、地震、海啸或其他类似事件。
    2. Technological:
      这类灾难包括爆炸、核辐射、严重停电或停电、饮用水短缺、石油泄漏或火灾。
    3. 恐怖主义:
      这类灾害包括针对个人或群体的暴力行为或暴力威胁。例如爆炸、枪击、绑架、劫持或使用生物武器。
    4. 疾病或流行病:
      这类灾难包括严重的、潜在致命的疾病如流感的迅速传播。

    对你和你的团队来说,了解你可能面临的紧急情况是很重要的。特别是某些自然灾害更可能影响国家或世界的某些地区。

    同样重要的是要记住,并非所有的紧急情况都是灾难。你的程序很可能会遇到一些常见的紧急情况,比如恶劣的天气、断电或断水,或者在操场上受伤。你必须准备好应对大大小小的紧急情况。

    看到了吗

    What does emergency preparation look like? Watch how this program prepares for disasters in their area.

    As you watch this video, listen to how Ms. Helen talks to children about safety, fear, and preparedness.

    Talking to Children about Emergencies

    看海伦在龙卷风演习中和她的孩子们说话。

    制定计划

    你能做的最重要的事情就是为紧急情况做准备。这个计划应该是书面的。所有员工和家属都应该知道这个计划。

    你的计划可以帮助你回答以下问题:

    • 孩子们将被安置在哪里?
    • Have alternate sites been identified and arranged in advance?
    • 如果在正常工作时间发生紧急情况,您将如何安置儿童?
    • 如何通知家长?
    • 员工个人的责任是什么?

    Your emergency plan may also contain information about the following situations:

    疏散计划:您需要知道在发生龙卷风、火灾、地震或其他自然灾害时要去哪里。如果你所在的地区因洪水、技术灾难或其他原因被疏散,你还需要有一个运送儿童的计划。这些计划应该张贴在教室里。

    Shelter in place plans:如果行政人员或政府官员命令个人避难,你需要知道该怎么办。这是对恐怖分子威胁、附近有枪手、危险天气条件或其他不安全条件的可能反应。在适当的庇护下,你将不被允许离开大楼,其他人将不被允许进入大楼。应在教室张贴就地避难所平面图。作为这个计划的一部分,你的团队也应该有一种沟通的方式,即团队必须躲起来,并且在被保护的地方互相沟通。不安全的情况可能导致无法在建筑物内走动。

    Lock-down plans:You need to know what to do if your classroom is ordered to lock down. Lockdowns occur in the event of an unknown intruder or active shooter. You must know how to lock and barricade your doors and procedures for supervising children.

    与其他员工沟通:灾难随时可能发生。了解紧急情况下的通信链,并更新了家中的员工电话名册。如果你不能来上班,你需要知道你将如何联系你的管理员。您还需要知道如何确定您的程序是否因灾难而关闭或重新定位。记住电话线可能会受到紧急情况的影响。管理员或其他人可能会考虑在答录机或语音邮件上留言,并通过媒体进行交流。

    Communicating with families:You need to know how you will communicate with families if you and the children are evacuated to another location. How will you let families know where they can find their children? It is also important to know how you will let families know if your program is forced to close. Part of the plan should includewill contact families,what将被传达,并且怎样ratio will be maintained.

    你应该在每个教室里保留一份你的课程应急计划的副本以供参考。

    在申请部分,你会发现一个指南,帮助你了解你的计划中的应急计划。

    实践你的计划

    一旦一个计划到位,实践它可以帮助缓解焦虑,并帮助你觉得准备好了,如果真正的事件发生。它还可以帮助你和孩子们在灾难面前保持冷静。记住,在所有的疏散和练习过程中,始终随身携带您的签到表、急救药物和紧急联系信息。你的疏散计划(火灾、龙卷风、封锁)应该至少每月进行一次。其他应急预案至少每年实施一次。新员工入职培训必须包括应急计划和疏散计划的审核。

    Explore

    Explore

    灾难可以随时随地发生。做好准备很重要。打印出Creating a Kit Activity. 根据你的课程填写。与你的主管或教练分享你的回答。然后将你的答案与建议的答案进行比较。

    应用

    应用

    Use these forms to help you prepare and respond to emergency situations. Print the forms and complete the information that you need. Store the forms in your emergency kit.

    词汇表

    期限 Description
    流行病 流行病describes an illness that affects a large portion of the population. An epidemic of influenza is an example that could be debilitating to business, schools, communities, and families
    疏散 疏散是将所有儿童、工作人员和家庭从特定地点撤离的行为
    准备金 食物和水资源足以在指定的时间内维持你们人口的健康
    Shelter in place 在紧急情况下,当你被指示呆在一个地方时,就会出现就地避难所。建筑物内的活动可能会受到限制,或在较大社区内的旅行可能会受到限制

    演示

    演示
    评估:

    第一季度

    What type of emergency involves explosions, nuclear fallout, gas leaks, or chemical spills?

    第2季度

    下面哪个紧急反应最likely in the case of an intruder entering the building?

    第三季度

    在你的儿童发展计划中,你必须做些什么来应对紧急情况?

    References & Resources:

    美国儿科学会(无日期)。儿童与灾难:为满足儿童的需要而进行的灾难准备。为大流行性流感准备儿童保育计划。检索自https://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Preparing-Child-Care-Programs-for-Pandemic-Influenza.aspx

    American Academy of Pediatrics, American Public Health Association, National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care and Early Education (2011).Caring for Our Children: National health and safety performance standards; Guidelines for early care and education programs. 3rd edition.Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; Washington, DC: American Public Health Association. Also available athttp://nrckids.org.

    关注儿童保育的美国(前美国儿童保育资源和转介机构协会;2011年)。Is your Child Care Program Ready? A Disaster Planning Guide for Child Care Centers and Family Child Care Homes.可从购买http://www.naccra.org/publications/

    Federal Emergency Management Agency.http://www.ready.gov-http://www.fema.gov

    全国幼儿教育协会(2007年)。幼儿课程标准和认证标准:幼儿教育质量的标志。Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children.

    The Clearinghouse for Military Family Readiness (2012). Emergency Family Assistance Centers: An Examination of the Literature for Evidence-Informed Practices. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.http://www.militaryfamilies.psu.edu/