Know

Rules are the guidelines that help all of us know how to act in different situations. Sometimes the rules are clearly stated. They might even be posted in writing:

• Keep your seatbelt fastened at all times on the airplane.
• 你必须年满18岁才能投票。
• 您必须在住宅区每小时25英里。

其他时候，规则没有明确说明或发布。作为成年人，我们已经了解我们的期望：

• Wait in line quietly at the grocery store checkout.
• Face the front in an elevator.
• Say, “Hi” when someone greets you.

这些行为是表示尊重或友好的例子。没有人专门教导我们，面对前面是尊重，并在电梯上给别人个人空间，但我们已经了解这一点。

还有其他时候，我们学习了行为的方式，使自己或他人安全。似乎有人似乎不得不告诉我们做这些事情。然而，当你觉得回到童年时，可能有人提醒你做这些或类似的事情：

• Walk when carrying hot coffee.
• 支持园艺设备，就像耙子一样，而不是让他们躺在草地上。
• Turn skillet handles so they don’t stick out where people might bump them.

我们的父母或照顾者可能会告诉我们这些behaviors. We have picked up on what others are doing and model their behaviors. Young children are just beginning to learn what it means to be in large groups and public places. They are also just beginning to learn that their behavior affects others. Preschool children live in the here and now; they do not plan their actions or think about consequences the way adults do. It is our job as adults to teach children how to keep themselves and others safe. Teaching children a small number of safety rules is an important part of your job as a preschool teacher.

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Effective Rules or Expectations

Rules are just one part of a larger plan for keeping children safe. Remember that rules work side-by-side with other parts of good early childhood teaching: a well-designed environment, appropriate learning activities, and nurturing relationships. Rules are guidelines or reminders about what it means to be a member of the classroom community. Effective rules for preschoolers reflect what we know about how young children learn (Fox, Jack, & Broyles, 2005):

课堂行为有两种类型的指导方针：期望和规则。期望是您希望儿童表现的一般特征或方式。示例可能包括：

• Be respectful.
• 注意安全。
• Be friendly.
• 尊重他人。
• Respect the environment.

规则有助于定义预期的意思。规则是我们对儿童沟通的方式意味着“尊重”。规则的例子是：

• Use walking feet.
• 当你完成时清理玩具。
• Use gentle hands.
• Follow directions.

作为教师，您可以开发期望，规则或两者。但请记住，幼儿仍在培养他们的认知技能。保持规则或期望简单很重要。不要害怕使用像“尊重”这样的复杂词汇。如果你教导意味着尊重，孩子们会理解它 - 你会以积极的方式扩大他们的词汇！

您可以在设计课堂规则或期望方面有很多选择：

• 您可以编写规则并向儿童介绍。
• 您可以与孩子一起编写规则。
• 您可以使用一组规则您的计划或中心已达成一致。

无论您如何在课堂规则上决定如何，确保他们符合本课程中描述的有效规则的指导方针。孩子们有时建议不符合指导方针的规则。例如，孩子们可能会建议规则“不要爬上操场上的围栏”或“不要咬人”。您可以为这些建议做好准备，并帮助孩子以积极的方式重新制糊这些。你可以说，“好，是对的，我们不爬篱笆。我们该怎么做？“您可以指导他们走向像“保持脚在地上”或“只爬上梯子和楼梯”的规则。

Do

教学规则时

Model

我们帮助孩子学习的第一种方式是成为强大的榜样。我们应该让我们的规则每天都在课堂上生命。您可以全天模拟尊重，安全，团队合作以及许多其他行为。

你有多少次看到成年人提高他或她的声音，告诉孩子安静下来？需要一分钟思考在那种情况下收到的消息。确保您的规则适用于每个人：儿童和成人。响起了关于规则的大声思考。当你在地板上清理泄漏时，你可能会说，“我希望安全和负责任。在有人滑倒之前，我会清理这个泄漏。“房间里的所有成年人都可以参与其中。在孩子面前练习解决问题。您能想到其他时候，您可以模拟儿童规则吗？

邮政

A well-designed environment prevents safety problems. Your rules should be a part of the environment. Post rules where you are likely to need them: the large group area, the playground, the hallway. When your rules are posted for children to see, you can refer to them quickly and easily. Children can remind themselves and others of the rules, as well. Post your rules at eye level for the children. Be sure to include pictures or drawings of the rules. You can use clip art, hand drawings, or photos of the children.

提醒和加强

Once you have developed effective rules on your own or with the class, it is important to remember to use them! Posting rules, even with a picture, is not enough. We have to actively teach young children how and when to follow the rules. Here are some ideas for teaching the children how to follow the rules:

• Class discussions. Talk about why we have rules. Talk about situations when the rules help us. Ask children to generate examples.
• 行动。让孩子的角色扮演规则。让他们互相展示如何温柔，步行脚的样子等等。还记得采取行动规则的非例子可能很有趣（当它可以安全完成）。如果“内部声音”是您的规则之一，让孩子展示“外部声音”的声音。这将有助于他们对比两卷。
• 玩游戏。早期学习的社会和情感基金会的中心有几个方面的幼儿学教师可以帮助孩子记住并练习规则。亚慱彩票yabo电子游艺观看停止/去视频（在模块1中的视频5http://csefel.vanderbilt.edu/resources/training_亚慱彩票preschool.html.）对于想法。
• 当孩子使用具有挑战性行为时，请参阅规则。这将有助于您与孩子保持一致，并将其重定向到适当的行为。
• 阅读有关规则和课堂安全的脚本故事（例如，“我可以从社会和情感基础的中心留在早期学习的中心;yabo电子游艺http://csefel.vanderbilt.edu/resources/strategies.html）