虽然提供安全材料和安全环境至关重要,但您的监督是您必须保持儿童安全的最强大的工具。本课程侧重于在室内和户外提供适当的监督的方法。它还解决了维持儿童安全问责制的方法。
辅助标签
- Describe what active, direct supervision looks like.
- 国家方案策略通过监督维持问责制。
- 设计室内环境,以促进有效监督。
- 描述如何在休息时间和厕所期间进行监督变化。
- Plan how to provide active, direct supervision outdoors.
Learn
Know
Supervision: What It Is and Why It’s Important
监督描述成年人有助于保护儿童免受伤害或其他伤害的方式。监督是一个积极的过程。它涉及观看,听,互动,监测和防止问题。
根据美国儿科学院,“积极和积极监督”涉及:
- 了解每个孩子的能力
- 建立明确和简单的安全规则
- Being aware of and scanning for potential safety hazards
- Standing in a strategic position
- 扫描游戏活动并在该地区循环
- Focusing on the positive rather than the negative to teach what is safe for the child and other children
- Teaching children the appropriate and safe use of each piece of equipment (e.g., using a slide feet-first only and teaching why climbing up a slide can cause injury, possibly a head injury).
您可以看到监督不仅仅是看。它涉及所有技能作为老师和照顾者。监督是您对与孩子信任您的家庭的责任和承诺。这也是您对依靠您的指导,培育,保护和支持的儿童的责任和承诺。
监督类型
在大多数情况下,您应该使用直接和积极的监督。这意味着成年人应该能够在任何时候都能看到和听到所有学龄前儿童。亚慱彩票这包括室内,户外和午睡时间。护理人员和教师不应该在建筑物的一个水平上,而孩子们在另一层或另一个房间。无论是内部还是外面,比率都应保持不变。
对于要求在洗手间提供亚慱彩票隐私的年龄学龄前儿童,它适合监督在短时间内的听力距离。在厕所期间,允许没有透视儿童的短暂间隔。虽然您可能无法看到孩子,但如果需要帮助,您或其他成年人可以迅速干预。
非常重要的是非常认真地将您的角色作为主管。分心可能是致命的。你永远不应该在你不观看孩子的活动中如此。
好的 | 不好 |
---|---|
在休息时间内工作课程计划,膳食计数或菜单 |
在休息时间听头部手机 |
在自由选择时间内写文档说明 |
在自由选择时间内撰写课堂时事通讯 |
回答课堂电话 |
Carrying on an in-depth conversation on the classroom phone 按比例进行手机上的个人对话 |
Greeting a family |
携带与家人进行深入的对话 |
您还需要将您的监督适应您的护理。所有孩子都有不同的需求。非常幼儿,具有特殊医疗保健需求的儿童,残疾儿童或行为需求的儿童可能需要额外的监督。
看
监督是一个积极的过程。它包括识别风险,对风险作出的风险,与孩子交谈。观看这些教师如何使用主动监督策略来引导儿童的行为并防止伤害。
首先,看着Nikki帮助孩子学习如何在自行车上安全。
Now, watch as Christy helps children practice safety in the classroom.
想想这些教师如何处理问题。他们认识到风险,他们采取行动,他们帮助孩子们学习如何安全地表现。
做
让孩子们安全:维持儿童的问责制
因为家庭已经信任孩子,你必须确保每个孩子的安全,直到批准的父母或家庭成员已经签署了他们的时间。孩子们非常迅速地移动,孩子们向另一个团体附加到另一个团体,溜出一个敞开的门,或者在过渡期间隐藏并不少见。据介绍,有几项重要策略,确保所有儿童都被占据了一些重要的策略照顾我们的孩子:
- 通过将名称匹配到面部来计算儿童。
- 每次过渡时,以及留下一个区域并抵达另一个区域并达到预定的依据。你应该每15分钟数约每15分钟。
- 确保您可以始终陈述您的护理中的孩子数量。
- 记录参加表格或口袋卡的计数。
- Note any children who leave the group (e.g., those who go with another adult to get the breakfast cart, those who are picked up early).
帕姆女士介绍她的计划中的出勤程序。
Watch as Ms. Pam talks about the strategies they use to make sure children are accounted for.
在室内监督儿童
良好的课堂设计是有效的第一步ve supervision. You should design your classroom with low shelves, clear traffic patterns, and safe materials. You must also teach children the safety rules for the classroom. Your daily safety inspection should ensure that you have taken all preventive measures to keep children safe.
Good teaching is good supervision. Join children in their interest areas. Observe the children. Have meaningful conversations. Sit or kneel at the children’s eye level. Interact with children so you know their strengths and needs. Use what you learn about children to make changes to your environment or activities. Use positive guidance techniques to help keep children safe.
Children’s needs change all the time. Supervision must change, too. You must think on your feet to keep all children safe.
观看这些成年人谈论他们如何改编他们对特定儿童的监督。
They describe a child who has behavioral difficulties. What challenges did they face? What strategies do you hear them discuss?
在休息时间监督
亚慱彩票学龄前儿童仍然需要在休息时间进行监督。通常,学龄前儿童在亚慱彩票一天的设定时间期间休息(而不是在婴儿和幼儿这样的个人时间表上敲诈。在休息时间期间,典型的比率是放松的。一个成年人可以监督所有孩子,然而,离开课堂的工作人员必须留在设施。必须维护最大组大小。单个成年人不能组合和监督多个完整课程。至少有一个成年人在休息时间留在儿童的房间里很重要。这有助于监控并支持不睡觉的儿童,早期唤醒的孩子,以及可能有睡眠问题的孩子。就像在操场上一样,监督成人能够在不离开房间的情况下为其他成年人呼唤其他成年人来说至关重要。
记得考虑每个孩子的个体需求。如果一个有流动性问题的孩子(例如,需要助行器或轮椅的孩子)或特殊健康问题(例如,癫痫发作,睡眠呼吸暂停,哮喘)在房间里划注在房间里,额外的成年人应该随叫随到。总是考虑在紧急情况下有助于疏散儿童的成年人的数量。
You can find more information on this topic is Lesson 6: Safe Sleep for Preschool Age Children.
Supervising Children Who Desire Privacy
良好的课堂设计总是提供他们可以独自一人的儿童景点。亚慱彩票学龄前可能是一个压倒性的世界!但是,重要的是,您可以随时看到和听到孩子 - 即使它们在设计用于隐私的空间。考虑使用敞开的顶部,低障碍或薄层窗玻璃设计隐私空格。
Toileting is another time when older preschool children may desire privacy. Your role is to help children use the restroom facilities safely and independently. It is not necessary to see each child as they use the restroom, but you should be able to hear all children. You should also be able to enter the restroom quickly to provide assistance. An adult should be present to supervise hand washing and make sure other sanitation procedures are followed.
监督儿童户外
Because outdoor play is active, children will usually need more supervision outdoors. Adult-child ratios must be followed at all times. You should also be able to contact another adult for help if needed without leaving the children. A walkie-talkie or approved cell phone (used only in emergencies) is an excellent tool for such a situation.
操场设计是监督的重要组成部分。游乐场设备应组织,因此成年人可以随时看到所有孩子。不应该没有盲点(角落周围的隧道,大石头儿童可以隐藏在后面,封闭的结构)。
游乐场设备通常不能轻易改变。成年人仍然有一个工具:位置。团队应该共同努力,以识别孩子通常需要帮助的“热点”,或者成年人看到儿童的艰难时间。成年人应该战略性地站立,所以他们可以监督所有领域。这意味着成年人不会站立或坐在操场上。成年人应该散布,观看,倾听和与儿童积极互动。然而,谨慎态度,在监督一个区域的同时与儿童或小组儿童进行长期讨论或激烈的游戏。难以与团体进行的同时监督所有儿童。考虑将某些成年人分配给监督和其他成年人进行播放和谈话。
探索
Active supervision involves all your skills as a teacher and caregiver. Download and print the积极监督活动. Read the scenarios, identify the problems related to supervision and then brainstorm possible solutions. Share your responses with a trainer, supervisor, or coach. Then compare your answers to the suggested responses.
Apply
It is important to know where the “hot spots” are in your classroom and on the playground. Download and print the热点形式below. Draw a map of your classroom or playground in the space provided in this attachment. Spend some time observing children. Each time you see a problem behavior or an injury, mark an X where it occurred. At the end of the day, look for patterns. Which areas have the most Xs? Discuss your results with your team, supervisor, coach, or trainer.
证明
American Academy Of Pediatrics, American Public Health Association, National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care and Early Education. 2011.照顾我们的孩子:National health and safety performance standards; Guidelines for early care and education programs. 3rd edition.伊利安尔州麋鹿格罗夫村:美国儿科学院;华盛顿特区:美国公共卫生协会。也可提供http://nrckids.org.
Harms, T., Clifford, R. M., & Cryer, D. (2005).早期儿童环境评定量表,修订编辑。纽约,纽约:师范学院出版社。
McWilliam,R. A.,&Casty,A. M.(2008)。每个孩子参与学龄前教室。亚慱彩票巴尔的摩,MD:布鲁克斯出版有限公司
美国消费者产品安全委员会(CPSC; 2010)。公共操场安全手册. Available athttps://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/325.pdf.