Know

The preschool years are considered some of the most active times in an individual’s life. Considering what you learned in Lesson One (Physical Development: An Introduction) about the significance of physical activity in young children’s lives, it becomes clear that preschool children need time for movement and active play. Keeping in mind that language and social development also take place during active play, you want to make sure that in your daily work, you provide children with ample opportunities to meaningfully interact and connect with each other. While children are engaged in active play, you have numerous opportunities to observe them and gather valuable information about their development.

您的计划应为儿童提供充足的机会来参与身体活动。亚慱彩票学龄前儿童应该参与身体活动，无论是室内还是户外，每天至少60分钟。您的计划应努力为儿童不久坐的活动提供两个小时，在那里他们可以选择剧烈的身体活动或其他游戏，例如服装服装。虽然建议使用一小时的活动，但这60分钟的街区可能会在一天中分解为五个，10-，15 - 或20分钟的增量。三十分钟可以充满结构化活动，如游戏，而另一个半小时可能包括非结构化活动。

把体育活动融入你的课堂生活

体育活动不应该被视为打破课堂常规，而应该成为其中的一部分！运动可以让孩子们在练习现有技能和学习新技能时释放能量。牢记儿童的粗细运动技能，同时也考虑到体育活动对儿童全面发展的益处，请考虑以下您可以在课堂上为儿童提供的经验示例：

• During center work:
  Provide children with opportunities to engage in pretend play in your dress-up area; use blocks or other items from nature to build or balance objects in the block area; draw or write using different materials in the art or writing center; explore and manipulate various items and textures in the discovery center; listen, watch the screen, or direct the mouse in a listening center or computer center; explore different textures, scents, colors, or sizes in a sensory center.
• During circle time:
  Play games like Simon Says or Follow The Leader to keep children active. Download and print the attachmentNon-Competitive Active Games在本节中，我们将介绍一些使传统游戏不具竞争力的技巧。这些游戏可以在室内或室外进行。在这些游戏中，如果你需要更多的空间，你可能需要调整房间里的家具。
• 故事期间或之后：
  Encourage children to role play parts of a story or to pretend to be story characters and imitate their movements and sounds.
• 在小吃或午餐时间：
  鼓励孩子们使用餐具，练习打开容器，在桌子周围传递食物，上菜，然后自己打扫。
• During transition time:
  让孩子们走，走，或跳到他们需要的地方，首先要确保他们是安全的。
• During any time:
  放点音乐，邀请孩子们参加舞会。跳舞需要积极的、持续的运动。舞蹈包括协调性、灵活性和力量，它有助于增加学龄前儿童的活动范围（国家舞蹈教育组织，2011年）。如果需要腾出更多的空间，可以调整房间里的家具，并鼓励孩子们对自己喜欢的歌曲或音乐类型提出建议。你也可以安排“锻炼时间”和孩子一起做简单的运动。如果你结合音乐，这些练习会更有趣。亚慱彩票

凭借有点想象，外面的盒子思考，您可以提出众多有趣的活动，让孩子们全天保持活跃。例如，您可以使用皱巴巴的报纸“球”设置一个室内篮球比赛，孩子们扔进纸板箱或任何类型的篮子里，或者你可以让孩子们在光滑的地板上穿袜子。在确保孩子们始终是安全的同时，您可以在课堂上做什么有无限的可能性！

支持所有学龄前儿童的物理发展亚慱彩票

可能经验丰富的身体活动，并通过发育障碍的儿童不同地表达。对于这些儿童，您可能必须适应您的课程和环境，以及您的课堂活动，使他们能够成功。如果您正在与具有特殊学习需求的儿童合作，请考虑现有的实践如何使其能够成功。yabo电子游艺想想繁忙的中心工作，从一项活动转移到另一个活动，午餐，留下，便盆时间，在室内和户外免费游戏时间以及其他学校活动。在上述时间内，您目前正在为所有儿童的身体开发提供一些东西，以支持您的护理中的所有儿童？

您看护的一些儿童可能患有影响其运动发育的疾病，包括身体和认知障碍、神经和知觉障碍以及注意力缺陷/多动障碍。个别化教育计划（IEP）的孩子有一个具体的计划来帮助他们实现他们的个人目标。一般来说，这些孩子需要改变或适应课程、课堂环境和日常学前活动。身体残疾和其他发育残疾的儿童可能需要相关服务，以确保他们能够充分利用课堂和学校课程、活动、环境、课外活动和学校活动。亚慱彩票

Children with physical disabilities may have difficulties with motor coordination and muscle strength. While some children may be able to engage in play and self-help activities with minimal or no help at all, other children may need significant support and may require the use of assistive technology. This could include equipment, such as wheelchairs or braces, or communication devices that enable them to explore their surroundings and interact with others. Children with physical disabilities may also have visual, hearing, or intellectual impairments that require the use of significant supports and accommodations when it comes to daily classroom activities. You may be working with children who have low muscle tone (leading to poor balance) and you will have to support their access and participation in motor activities. You may encounter children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who may sometimes be extremely active, impulsive, or more easily distracted, and you will have to support their successful participation in your program activities.

为了创造一个更加包容的环境，支持所有的学习者，你必须采取包容的态度。您的设施符合美国残疾人法案（ADA），因此至少有各种身体需要的儿童和家庭可以进入您的建筑。但是，你必须超越访问权限。确保所有的孩子和家庭都感到受欢迎和参与。这个Kids Included Together (KIT)program can be a valuable resource for ideas. You can also considerBuilding BlocksandCara’s Kit。这些资源委员会的例外Children Division for Early Childhood provide practical, real-world ways to help children succeed in their environments. When a child with identified special needs enters your program, work with the disability specialists Inclusion Action Team to make sure you and the staff members know how to support the child’s physical development. You can be a resource for brainstorming and for providing materials. Consider these quick and easy adaptations:

促进幼儿感觉发现和发展亚慱彩票

Most people are familiar with the five senses of sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste. There are at least two more senses, named theproprioceptiveand thevestibular senses. 本体感觉受体存在于肌肉或身体内的其他结缔组织中。它们受到运动和重力的刺激。这种感觉增强了身体意识，有助于运动控制。前庭感觉感受器位于内耳。它们有助于确定任何运动的速度和方向。这七种感觉都是我们的身体对外界刺激做出反应的方式。幼儿园的环境可以帮助所有的孩子发展他们的感官。本节将探讨如何帮助促进学龄前儿童的感官发展。亚慱彩票

Movement and exploration promote sensory development. Art and writing centers offer many opportunities for children to move and explore. Scribbles explore the sense of sight and many art materials engage multiple senses (Dodge, Colker, & Heroman, 2002). Stickers, cotton balls, pipe cleaners, and other art materials have varying colors, sizes, textures, and scents. Different sizes of paintbrushes and different painting tools, such as sponges and rollers, create different textures.

Other learning environments engage multiple senses. Blocks and toys have different textures and colors. Computer programs can stimulate many senses. Children listen through headphones, watch the screen, and direct the mouse. Music and movement also use multiple senses. This includes listening to music, participating in dancing, or playing instruments. Food preparation and cooking allow preschoolers to explore taste and other senses.

One piece of furniture or equipment that engages preschoolers’ sensory development is the sensory table. Sensory tables can be filled with many items. Children can explore by squishing, sorting, digging, pouring, and playing freely. The items can be rotated and changed on a regular basis. If you do not have a sensory table, you can use plastic boxes or other containers in a sensory center.

感官中心或桌子的想法：

1. Water.
   You can increase interest at the water table or center by adding food coloring or soap to the water. You can also decorate the bottom of the table or container with colored contact paper. Small toys can be added as well as fish, rocks, or items that sink and float to stimulate sensory and cognitive development.
2. Sand.
   This can be used with or without water. Adding small sifters, cups, funnels, and colorful rocks can add to the learning.
3. 天然材料。
   Safe seasonal plant materials are easily handled. This includes twigs, dirt, leaves, and more.
4. Office supplies.
   Preschoolers can play with shredded paper, packing peanuts, or colored paper clips. Be sure to supervise children when playing with small objects, such as packing peanuts and paperclips, which may be choking hazards.
5. Classroom or household items。
   Large beads and buttons, cotton balls, or kitchen utensils are items that children can explore.

When selecting materials for sensory activities, always consider the developmental needs of the children in your classroom. Establish rules for making safe choices at the sensory table or center. For example, “Sensory items stay in hands or in the table, not in mouths.” Other rules include limiting the number of people allowed at the center at one time. Adult supervision may also be required.

亚慱彩票学龄前儿童将使用感官中心发现许多概念。添加工具或玩具以改变感官中心活动。使用钳子拿起小玩具来帮助孩子加强精致的运动技能。按颜色或属性排序项目，如下沉和浮动，介绍了分类和科学概念。在本课程的学习区观看第二个视频，以发现一级教室如何探索冰。

See

What does indoor physical activity look like in preschool? What can you do to support preschool children’s physical development indoors? What experiences and materials support physical development? There are many answers to these questions. Take a look at these videos to learn more and to see examples.

Do

Try some of these ideas to help actively include all children in your classroom activities. Remember that your role is to give each child what he or she needs to be successful when necessary. Remember also that at some point, all children in your classroom will need extra help and support. Above all, get to know the children in your care well and collaborate with other individuals who know them, such as family members, therapists, or related services personnel.

Experiences and Materials

• Think safety first!
• Plan activities after considering children’s particular needs and making sure全部children in your classroom have access to spaces and materials.
• 在计划活动时，考虑对特定儿童可能困难的任务（例如，串珠珠），并准备帮助这些孩子完成这些任务或让孩子们一起工作并互相帮助。
• Make sure your materials are age-appropriate for children.
• 在盒子外面思考并思考！提供允许儿童使用多种感官的感觉刺激的活动和材料，以便通过观察，触摸，嗅到，品尝或听力来学习。有些孩子可能对不同种类的刺激或材料特别敏感或响应，作为学龄前老师，重要的是你愿意探索其他选择。亚慱彩票

Classroom Environment

• Make it easy to move around your classroom.
• Make changes in your classroom environment. A quiet area for play with a smaller number of materials may help an overactive child be more successful because it presents fewer choices in terms of materials or toys.
• 为那些对噪音、光线或触觉敏感的孩子在材料、活动或环境中做出调整。在你的中心额外的照明可能有助于儿童视力的挑战。

Classroom Interactions

• 观察孩子们玩，并确保所有孩子都包含在活动中。
• Model appropriate behaviors and show children how they can invite and include others in their play.
• 当孩子们在游戏或活动中包括其他孩子时，表扬他们。
• Provide opportunities for children to partner with peers so they can learn from each other while at the same time also practicing social skills.

Consideration of Multiple Perspectives

• Get input from children’s families, related professionals who work with them, or the children themselves about things that work or don’t work.
• 通过要求他们做出选择并鼓励他们自己做事来帮助所有孩子都独立。与此同时，对家庭的愿望和信念敏感，可能反映自己与自己不同的价值观（例如，重视与年轻时的相互关系和独立性）。