Know

学龄前是亚慱彩票似乎持续运动的时间。亚慱彩票学龄前儿童忙着在室内和户外的环境中搬进他们的环境。他们花了很多时间跑步，攀爬，跳跃和互相追逐;他们涂鸦，油漆，构建，倾倒，用剪刀切割，将拼图放在一起，串珠。他们的运动技能从他们是幼儿的时间非常精致;他们比幼儿更协调，更具目的的行为。他们展示了速度和力量，它们变得越来越独立。

Physical Growth and Appearance

在学龄前多年来，儿童的亚慱彩票身高，体重和肌肉态度稳步增加（Trawick-Smith，2014）。与幼儿相比，学龄前儿童更长而瘦。亚慱彩票他们的腿和躯干继续生长，他们的头部与他们的身体成比例地不那么大。As preschoolers’ bodies develop over time, the areas in their brains that control movement continue to mature, thus enabling them to perform gross-motor skills such as running, jumping, throwing, climbing, kicking, and skipping, and fine-motor skills such as stringing beads, drawing, and cutting with scissors.

Milestones

让我们来看看学龄前儿童的身体发展亚慱彩票pment. Read the chart below for a closer look at what preschoolers can do with their bodies. Keep in mind that each child is unique and that individual differences exist in regard to the precise age at which children meet these milestones. Milestones should not be seen as rigid checklists by which to judge or evaluate children’s development. Rather, as highlighted in the Cognitive Course, milestones provide a guide for when to expect certain skills or behaviors to emerge in young children based on cognitive development, gross-motor development, fine-motor development, hearing, speech, vision, and social-emotional development. Think of milestones as guidelines to help you understand and identify typical patterns of development in children and to help you know when and what to look for as children mature. Like a family’s pediatrician, preschool teachers must be knowledgeable about children’s developmental milestones. You can use your knowledge of these milestones to meet children’s needs in your classroom. Even though the skills highlighted in the chart develop in a predictable sequence over the preschool years, each child is unique. Your goal is to helpall孩子们成长并学会他们的潜力。

对物理增长的影响

Physical growth and development entails more than just becoming taller, stronger or larger. It involves a series of changes in body size, composition, and proportion. Biological and environmental factors also affect physical growth and development (Berk, 2013). In this section we will examine factors that affect physical growth in young children.

• 大脑发育：Even though motor abilities in preschool emerge as a result of physical growth and development, many new motor skills are also the result of brain growth. In other words, movement involves more than simply using arms or legs. Recall the example we used in Lesson One (Physical Development: An Introduction) of a preschooler kicking a ball back and forth with a peer or caregiver. Being able to do this task can be attributed not only to skill mastery and development, but also to the brain’s ability to organize visual and auditory messages that guide the child and help him or her make decisions, such as adjusting movement, deciding how hard or soft to kick the ball, waiting if needed, and kicking the ball back accordingly. As a preschool teacher, you can enhance children’s brain development by engaging children in meaningful interactions that enable them to form connections with their environment and create understandings about how things work, how things are done, how to treat others, how to deal with emotions, and how to go about their daily lives. Ultimately, in doing all these you help children improve existing skills and acquire new ones.
• Heredity：Genetic inheritance plays a significant part in children’s physical growth. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that even though genes influence children’s development, physical growth, like other aspects of development, happens as the result of the interplay between heredity and environment (Berk, 2013). As you read this, think about the role you can assume in creating rich and stimulating environments that foster children’s optimal physical development.
• Nutrition：In order to reach optimal physical growth and development, especially at times when their brains and bodies are developing so rapidly, young children require healthy, balanced diets that provide them with vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. As you will read in Lesson Five of this course (Promoting Active Lifestyles), you can be a role model for children by promoting these healthy habits yourself.
• Cross-cultural differences：Even though there are universal patterns of development that children follow, there are variations in development, and this also applies to how children develop motor skills. Children’s environments, places of origin and particular life circumstances can affect how they develop and master motor skills. As a preschool teacher, you must be respectful and sensitive about children’s backgrounds and prior experiences, and your goal should be to help each child reach his or her full potential.

看

在学龄前多年来，您将看亚慱彩票到儿童运动技能的重要发展。观看这段视频，了解学龄前儿童在体育历史上的里程碑亚慱彩票。

Do

了解发展里程碑是与幼儿合作的重要组成部分。yabo电子游艺学习和了解学龄前儿童如何使用他们的身体将有助于您了解如何在课堂和计划中培养亚慱彩票运动技能以及计划中的哪些学习体验。请记住，每个孩子都不同，您可能必须适应目标或活动，以满足儿童的独特需求。考虑以下：

• Plan meaningfully:In your daily interactions with children in your care, you can purposefully plan activities that will enable you to generate information about children and how they are developing and refining their motor skills. For example, you can observe how children move around the different centers in your room during free play, how they follow directions as you lead them through activities such as circle time, or how they manipulate objects in their hands as you facilitate child-initiated play. You should use this valuable observational information to plan activities that promote further development in children or to adapt goals and activities to meet the particular learning needs of individual children.
• Be sensitive to individual children’s needs:当您参与这些观察时，请记住每个孩子都不同，有时儿童可能无法达到预期的里程碑。如果您关注孩子的发展，请与孩子的家人交谈。这可能是困难的，但它可以达到满足孩子的需求。您可以与关于典型子发展的家庭分享信息，并让他们知道您可以讨论。如果您的程序提供发展筛选工具，这些可以帮助您开始对您的疑虑进行对话。您还应与主管，培训师或教练联系在您的计划中有关帮助儿童进程的方法。
• 响应家庭的需求和偏好：如果一个家庭接近您并股份对孩子的发展担忧，鼓励他们与孩子的儿科医生交谈。儿科医生可以执行发展筛查，并可能将孩子推向专家。3岁以上的儿童家庭也应联系他们当地的学区。学区可以安排对儿童开发的免费评估儿童接受服务和支持。