Know

你可以做很多事情来帮助孩子体验自然，在户外学习。儿童在许多程序中每天花费两小时。这是儿童发展大肌肉和复杂的戏剧技能的宝贵时间。你在教室里做的大部分都可以很容易地翻译给室外环境。通过加入安全，设计，空间和可访问性，您做到了。

安全

评估您的户外学习环境。yabo电子游艺确保设备安全，环境免受可预防的风险。您必须考虑秋季区域，浮出水面，进入遮荫和材料和设备的条件。安全课程包含有关在室外游戏前保证儿童安全的内容的详细信息。

在某些设置中，您的游乐场可能会被社区在晚上使用;也许你的计划共享一个社区公园。即使您的游乐场受栅栏保护，仍有可能危险的材料可以找到他们的游乐场。在您在外面带孩子之前，您必须保持警惕，每天检查操场。寻找：

• 碎片（玻璃，烟头，垃圾，建筑物用品）
• 动物粪便和其他异物
• Mulch that is spread too thin
• Standing water, ice or snow
• 对于儿童来说太热或寒冷的表面安全地触摸
• 可能导致伤害的自然物体（锋利的岩石，树桩，根，树枝）
• 不安全的昆虫（蚁丘，蜂箱，黄蜂巢）
• Ditches, holes, wells and traps
• 暴露的电源线或公用事业设备

Remember to check the temperature of play surfaces. Metal or plastic slides, benches and poured concrete surfaces can get very hot and very cold. Inspect surfaces for cracks caused by temperature changes or water damage.

You should begin each day by carefully inspecting outdoor play areas and equipment. This will help prevent major injuries or accidents. Walk around your outdoor play area and use the safety checklist provided by your program or the one in the Safety course. Talk about what you see with a trainer, coach or supervisor.

设计

Carefully design outdoor learning areas to support a full range of children’s play and activities. You can create interest areas, much as you do for your indoor space. For preschool, these areas might include sand, water, wheeled toys, games, construction, woodworking, quiet activities, science and nature (Dodge et al., 2010). Many of the same materials you provide indoors can be used to promote engagement outdoors.

例如，户外安静的活动兴趣区可以包括树荫下阴影的书籍的篮子。户外戏剧性游戏兴趣区可以包含毯子，野餐篮，塑料餐具，餐具和装扮衣服等道具。您还可以将传统的户外玩具融入这些兴趣区。例如，您可以创建一个户外艺术或与人行道粉笔写入兴趣区，或者您可以将各种形状的泡沫解决方案和魔杖纳入户外发现/科学兴趣区。Another idea would be to set up an outdoor science and nature center in which children can investigate materials found outdoors (e.g., leaves, sticks, seed pods) using magnifying glasses, scissors, etc. Found natural materials could also be used in an outdoor art interest area in which children can trace, draw or make rubbings or prints of these materials.

空间

Make the most of the space you have. Not all outdoor spaces are ideal, but that doesn’t mean you have to settle for a playground with only metal play structures and asphalt. Get creative! Your local home improvement store can be a great resource. Consider filling plastic rain gutters with dirt and letting children use them as planters or sensory bins. Ask volunteers to install bird feeders or raised garden beds.

您的户外游乐空间将培养创意播放，如果您包含“松散的零件”或“开放式纸板箱，板条箱，板条，PVC管，牛奶纸箱”，儿童可以用于建筑（Maxwell，Mitchell，埃文斯，2008）。封闭的空间（例如，游乐场，堡垒）是游乐场的固定部分 - 或者更好，由儿童自己构成 - 培养戏剧性的戏剧。尽可能提供可以“成为”儿童游戏中多件事的游戏设备往往会培养创造力。如果您有机会帮助挑选游戏设备，请尽量避免体现一个想法（例如，海盗船登山者）的物品和结构，而是选择可以采用多个身份（例如，更简单的播放结构）的物品。

It is also important to include equipment that will help children work on their gross-motor skills. Gross-motor skills are those that involve large muscle movements of the body and include running, jumping, throwing and maintaining balance. Fixed playground equipment is not necessary for children to experience high levels of physical activity outside. In fact, children are often most physically active when they play with portable equipment such as balls, bicycles, hula hoops, etc. (Kreichauf et al., 2012).

无障碍

就像在课堂上一样，您必须确保您的户外空间是独立，轻松使用和学习的。yabo电子游艺儿童必须能够轻松获得材料和设备。户外路径，人行道和楼梯应清楚地标记和无阻碍。重要的是要确保在一个区域中可以安全地发生粗略运动，而不会在另一个区域中发挥作用。例如，三轮车路径不应通过儿童用粉笔绘制的区域进行。您还希望将安静的活动（艺术，粉笔，块，沙子）分开，从响亮而活跃的活动（球场，自行车，跑步）。另外，请记住包括战略区域的仆人;提供手机或旧衬衫可以帮助一些孩子（和家庭）对凌乱的户外艺术，感官或科学思想（例如，泥戏或探索）感到更加舒适。

总电机设备的尺寸和水平必须在课堂上的儿童开发。应该有足够的机动设备（例如，自行车），孩子们可以使用设备而无需漫长的等待。室外玩具如球和戏剧剧本的道具可以放置在易于访问箱，铲斗或容器中。这也将使儿童能够轻松帮助清理到里面是时候。正如室内环境所讨论的那样，标记您在室外使用的篮子或垃圾箱可以促进清理并创建丰富的环境。

考虑个人儿童的需求。有些孩子，特别是残疾人或特殊需要的孩子可能在户外环境中具有困难。您可以在课堂上就像在课堂上一样对这些孩子进行调整。您可以调整材料和空间（安装轮椅可访问的挥杆，安装栏杆，下水桌），以最适合其需求。如室内环境课程所述，与儿童家庭和教练，教练或主管交谈，以确定可能需要什么修改。此外，由于作为户外游戏空间可以让孩子们使用他们的更响亮的声音和“松散”，确保您在外面提供平静的空间，也许是舒缓材料的伴随的垃圾箱。有关更多信息，请参阅孩子们包括在一起材料（https://www.kit.org/who-we-are/our-work/）。

看

观看学龄前计划如何充亚慱彩票分利用户外空间。

学习的户外空间yabo电子游艺

做

为户外游戏提供各种机会：

• Offer dramatic play, sand and water, blocks and music and movement outdoors.
• 寻找发现和科学的自然机会。请注意您的操场上的昆虫，动物，泥土和天然材料。
• Provide materials that allow for large- and small-muscle play. Have a variety of bicycles, balls and other toys.
• Offer interesting and unique experiences: plant a garden, build a stage for plays or create an obstacle course.