Know

洗手

Washing your hands is the most important thing you can do to keep yourself and the children in your classroom healthy. Handwashing stops the spread of diseases and infections, which is important for you and the children in your care. Studies find that proper handwashing decreased the occurrence of diarrhea-type illnesses in children and adults by 50 percent. It can also help prevent colds, flu, and other infections. It is essential to know how and when adults and children should wash their hands.

健康的习惯开始初期,can teach children a great deal about how to prevent illness and infection. There are three main ways germs can enter the body: through contact with mucus from coughs and sneezes, cuts and scrapes, and contact with blood and other body fluids. As a preschool teacher, it is important to know how to prevent the spread of illness from these sources and how to promote hygiene practices. Maintaining clean hands is one of the most significant steps we can take to avoid getting sick and spreading germs to others.

Coughs and Sneezes

当有人咳嗽或打喷嚏时，微小的颗粒被释放到空气中。这些颗粒可含有细菌。当我们在这些颗粒中呼吸或触摸已被污染的表面时，我们会增加生病的风险。如果触及眼睛，鼻子或嘴巴，风险会增加。打喷嚏后适当的洗手，咳嗽到你的手中，吹鼻子，或者在帮助一个打喷嚏的孩子后要保持健康的环境并避免疾病的传播。

Respiratory infections and germs are spread through coughing and sneezing. In addition to handwashing after coughing or sneezing, use these simple techniques to cut down on the spread of airborne germs:

• Cough into your elbow instead of your hand. Older toddlers can be shown this technique, but know they might not remember to do it all the time. It is good to model to help them start healthy practices.
• Cover sneezes with a disposable tissue if one is available. Dispose of tissues in a hands-free trash can.
• 在课堂上保持组织并在外面时带着你，这使得学龄前儿童有机会练习这种健康的习惯。亚慱彩票你可能会经历很多纸巾，但这是形成一个很重要的良好习惯的形成。当然，在使用组织并将其扔掉后，你和孩子们需要洗手。

Cuts, Scrapes, and Sores

当伤口愈合时,他们可能会滴,软泥或流失。These fluids can spread infection and the wound itself also is susceptible to infection. The American Academy of Pediatrics (2011) recommends covering and containing any wound that is leaking. If the wound cannot be contained, the child or adult should stay home until a scab has developed. Hand-hygiene is critical before and after contact with your own, another staff-member's, or a child's sores, cuts, or scrapes.

血液和其他体液

Blood can carry a variety of pathogens. Bloodborne pathogens include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Transmission of these diseases in child care is rare. They are most frequently transmitted through needle sticks or when blood or other body fluid enters the body through eyes, nose, mouth, or broken skin. These diseases are not spread through saliva, sweat, or vomit. Casual contact like hugging, sharing a cup, using a public restroom, or coughing and sneezing do not spread bloodborne diseases.

However, to promote hygiene practices and decrease the chance of contracting various infectious diseases, you should wash your hands before and after helping a child or another staff member who has been injured, and after handling bodily fluids of any kind (i.e., mucus, blood, vomit, saliva, urine), and you should wear gloves. You should wash hands immediately after contact with blood, body fluids, excretions, or wound dressings and bandages. Once again, it is important to wear gloves when you may come into contact with blood or body fluids which may contain blood. More about the use and removal of gloves is provided in Lesson Three. Every step of the handwashing procedure is important to the whole process and a missed step can cause re-contamination and the spread of germs. A poster showing proper handwashing procedures should be posted by every adult and child sink for reference (see Apply section). In addition, handwashing supplies should always be well stocked and accessible.

See

Proper handwashing technique is important. Though it seems simple, there are several steps you must take to make sure your hands are clean.

Proper Hand Hygiene

Now watch a second video to see examples of ways child development professionals protect themselves and promote healthy habits.

Preventing the Spread of Disease

Do

When to Wash Your Hands

Proper hand hygiene keeps you and children healthy as it prevents the spread of disease. The skills you teach children can also help bring these practices home. A recent study revealed that after using a public restroom, only 31% of men and 65% of women washed their hands. (Judah et al., 2009). Knowing when to wash your hands is just as important as knowing how to wash your hands. Preventing the spread of disease depends on being vigilant about handwashing. You should wash your hands:

• 当你早上上班或休息后重新进入房间
• When you move to another room with a different group of children
• 每当你的手视觉上脏或弄脏
• Before and after preparing food
• Before and after eating, handling food, or feeding a child
• Before and after giving medication
• Before and after contact with your own or a child's sores, cuts, or scrapes
• 在帮助孩子或其他受伤的工作人员之前和之后
• Before and after playing in water
• Before and after handling animals or cleaning up animal waste
• 在尿布之前和之后
• After using the restroom
• After helping a child with toileting
• After handling bodily fluids of any kind (i.e., mucus, blood, vomit, saliva, urine)
• After playing in sand or outdoors
• 处理垃圾或清洁后
• After removing disposable gloves
• After handling uncooked food
• 在帮助孩子洗他或她的手后
• After sneezing, coughing into your hand, or blowing your nose
• After helping a child who has sneezed
• After coming in from outdoors

Teach Children How to Wash Their Hands

When you teach children how to wash their hands, you are providing them with an important life skill. This skill will help keep you and the other children healthy. You should teach the children in your care to follow the same handwashing procedures you follow. This lets you be a model for good hygiene practices. Just like you, children should wash their hands when they arrive in the morning and throughout the day as described above.

To help develop good hygiene practices, you should make sure a child-height sink or a safe step is available to the children. Make sure children follow these steps every time:

• Children should get their hands completely wet in the stream of water.
• 涂液体肥皂。
• 沐浴肥皂。
• It is important for children to wash their hands for 20 seconds-just like adults. Teaching the children to sing a song while they wash their hands can help. "The Alphabet Song," "Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star," or "The Birthday Song" are all good choices.
• Remember to teach children to scrub all surfaces, including the backs of their hands, wrists, between their fingers and under their fingernails.
• Rinse their hands well.
• Dry their hands with a disposable towel.
• 用毛巾关闭水龙头。

You should also hang photos or a poster above the sink, as shown below, to help remind children about proper handwashing. In the Apply section, there are examples of posters you can use in your program.

如果没有下沉（例如，实地考察），请与您的主管核实，看看是否批准用于您的计划的酒精的手动消毒剂。如果是这样，请密切监督儿童，并教他们如何一起用手揉搓，让消毒剂空气干燥。如果手没有明显弄脏，但手动消毒剂才会有效。

当您的课堂上出现时，应对可经教导的时刻，并使用这些作为机会提醒孩子何时以及如何正确洗手。例如，如果你发现一个孩子打喷嚏到他或她的手然后触摸玩具或其他教室表面，请赞美孩子的“覆盖”他们的打喷嚏并提醒他或她，他们应该在打喷嚏后洗手。与此同时，确保您遵循程序妥善清洁和消毒玩具和曲面在打喷嚏后可能触摸的脸。