知道

有些孩子和家人的家庭可能会面临挑战的生活事件，可以使他们的心理健康和整体幸福存在风险。此类事件可能包括死亡，离婚，失业，搬迁，家庭中的暴力或分离。作为儿童开发专业，您还将与体验部署的儿童合作，或者您可能会在您自己的家庭中遇到部署。部署是儿童和家庭生活的困难时期。每个家庭以不同的方式处理这些挑战，每个孩子都有独特的需求。尽管如此，您可以随着儿童经历挑战性和压力过渡和生活事件而期望的典型变化。

本课程描述了压力事件对幼儿生命的影响，同时突出了您在危机时期支持儿童及其家人的方式。您将在部署之前，期间和之后学习学龄前儿童的典型情感和行为体验，以及在部署的每个阶段支持儿童及其家人的方式。亚慱彩票

幼儿生命中的压力

Young children's reactions to stress may be different from older children's reactions. Unlike older children, younger children may not always be able to verbally express exactly what they are feeling; for example, whether they are afraid, anxious, confused, angry, sad, or feeling helpless (Zero to Six Collaborative Group, National Child Traumatic Stress Network, 2010). Often their feelings are manifested in their behaviors and these behaviors can be clues about what they feel inside. When dealing with stressful events, children may: become clingy or fearful of new situations; demonstrate aggression; experience difficulty sleeping; or even appear to lose recently acquired skills. Let's consider deployment and how it can affect children and families.

部署的情绪特征

部署是任何家庭的挑战。对于面临重复或多重部署的家庭，以下七阶段的情绪周期描述了他们典型的情绪周期。

当家庭了解部署时，他们面临着在经济，情感和身体上准备自己。部署父母可能需要在出发前度过额外的时间。父母都可能花费大量时间为部署，包装，填写文书工作做好准备，表演日常家庭或汽车维护，寻找保姆或制定额外的儿童保育安排。

Before Deployment

对于许多家庭，特别是那些在部署之前的家庭，在部署之前可能有一段时间的分离或退出。家庭成员可以通过隔离自己来为分离的痛苦做好准备。在此期间，可能会有抗击或愤怒。

Children experience a variety of emotions prior to a deployment. They may not understand why their mother, father, or other family member has to leave. It is common for young children to feel that it is their "fault" that their parent is leaving. This happens often when children have unanswered questions about the deployment. Because preschool children's sense of time is not fully developed, they may feel anxious or confused about when a family member is leaving. They may not understand how long the separation will last or even that the separation is temporary. They may be confused by the changes they see in their household. The deploying parent may need to spend extra hours at work in preparation for deployment, and the spouse may be making arrangements for life as a single parent by attending to necessary legal, medical, or financial matters.

All of these emotions can show themselves in different ways. During this stage, the child may act withdrawn, sad, or quiet. Changes in routines may make the child more likely to act out. You might see more aggressive behaviors, tantrums, crying, or regressing (e.g., problems with toilet training or thumb sucking).

在部署期间

When a family member begins their deployment, the at-home family members go through a period of disorganization. They may be sad and anxious about how the family will function. The at-home caregiver may feel overwhelmed by responsibility. It takes time to settle into new routines. Eventually the family recovers and develops routines that work for them; they have a new "normal."

Once the parent has deployed, children will go through a range of emotions. They may be sad, lonely, confused, angry, or scared. Fear of separation is one of the major concerns of preschool children. They may be afraid that the remaining parent will leave or abandon them. They may need constant reassurance that their parent or guardian is close by or will pick them up from child care. They may be afraid that the deployed parent is in danger.

在儿童发展计划中，您可能会看到孩子们表现得更突出。你也可能看到孩子们变得克林，害羞，安静或恐惧。所有学龄前儿童常见的恐惧，部署可能会增加他们的恐惧亚慱彩票。他们可能会被成人吸引到舒适。

部署后

由于返回的日子更接近，家庭准备了更多的变化。他们可能对家庭成员的回归感到兴奋。他们可能会对与部署的家庭成员的关系发生变化感到有点紧张。部署的家庭成员返回时，家庭通过另一个过渡。非部署的护理人员可能对其变化的作用感到混合;这个人已经“独自完成了”一段时间，必须重新协调角色和期望。孩子们也可能难以让部署的家庭成员恢复日常生活。部署的人可能会对他们适应家庭的疑虑。再次，随着时间的推移，家庭稳定。

在父母退货之前和之后，孩子可能会兴奋和精力充沛。孩子们也可能对父母回来感到有点紧张和害羞。孩子们可能会害怕他们不会识别他们的父母。他们也可能担心父母会再次离开。由于家庭成员访问和父母谈判新角色，他们可能会被他们家中发生的变化混淆。

看到

程序如何支持面临挑战生活情况的儿童？倾听这位经理讨论了她和她的计划如何支持经历部署的家庭。如果没有父母在您的方案经验部署中，请考虑类似的情况，在延长期间，诸如监禁或严重的长期疾病的延长期间不存在。

部署期间连接

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保护因素：培养幼儿和家庭的恢复力

There are characteristics of children and families have attributes that can protect them as they go through stressful events. Research on resilience in children demonstrates that a significant protective factor for children is the consistent presence of a caring, positive, and protective caregiver (Zero to Six Collaborative Group, National Child Traumatic Stress Network, 2010). This person can be an ongoing resource for the particular child, and can encourage them to talk about their experiences, and provide reassurance that adults in the child's life are working to keep them safe.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, you can support children facing stressful challenges when you:

• 尽可能维持一致的课堂惯例。这为儿童提供了稳定性稳定和安全感的儿童。
• 为孩子们谈论正在发生的事情提供机会，但如果他们不想，不要强迫他们谈谈。鼓励孩子谈论他们的感受并验证他们加强儿童的应对，因为他们听到他们所有的感受都可以。
• Be watchful of changes in children's behaviors over time. Changes in behaviors, for example acting out or withdrawing from friends, may indicate that a child needs extra support.
• 鼓励家庭与可能正在处理类似的压力园的其他家庭联系。与其他人联系允许家庭分享经验和健康的应对策略。

本课程的其余部分侧重于您在部署之前，期间和之后的儿童和家庭。

部署前支持

Most importantly, you can help families find the resources they need, such as Military One Source (http://www.milelatehone.mil/) or other resources available in their particular Service. Pre-deployment counseling can help families learn ways to prepare children for the deployment.

鼓励家庭诚实地与他们的孩子谈论部署。家庭帮助孩子理解是很重要的：

• Why the parent is leaving: The deploying parent has an important job to do and they know how to do the job well; they are not going alone.
• When the deploying parent is leaving
• What the family will do together before the parent leaves
• How the child will communicate with the parent while they are deployed
• 当父母离开时会保持这种情况：例如，一个父母仍将在这里吃早餐和晚餐，孩子仍将去同一个儿童保育计划，这个家庭仍然很开心等等。

还鼓励家庭开始考虑帮助孩子感觉靠近部署的父母的方法。是否有父母和孩子在部署之前交换的个人物品（例如，图片或最喜欢的T恤）？

支持在部署期间

During periods of deployment, it is especially important that you help the child and family maintain normal routines. Early in the deployment is not the time to transition a child to a new classroom or caregiver. Reassure the child that their parent will pick the child up as usual. Provide lots of hugs and comfort. Answer the child's questions as simply and matter-of-factly as possible.

将情绪素养和解决问题融入您的课程。帮助孩子学会认识并处理情绪。每天谈论情绪。看看孩子们有不同的情感的照片，阅读关于感受和部署的故事，做节日识别和谈论自己的感受的活动。帮助孩子制定镇静和处理愤怒或恐惧的策略。

帮助父母解决问题的准备arise. Parents may be confused by changes in their child's behavior. A parent may feel alone and unsure of how to provide discipline or guidance. The parent may feel frustrated by challenges with toilet training, tantrums, or baby talk. The parent may go through periods of self-doubt, depression, or helplessness. Remember that it is important for parents to take care of their own mental and physical health. Help them connect with a Family Readiness Group, behavioral health counseling, or clergy. You can provide resources, training, and support around positive guidance and discipline. You can also help families think of ways to make life easier during the deployment. Use conversations, newsletters, and family nights to help families share ideas like:

• 通过在部署的每一天将硬币放入罐子中，保持时间;孩子可以在回归后购买父母的家庭礼物
• 去家庭徒步旅行
• 有一个家庭电影之夜
• 绘制图片或写信给部署的家庭成员
• 在院子里设有一个家庭营地
• 单独使用每个孩子的时间安排“日期之夜”（或几天）
• 创建一个家庭日历
• 弄清楚每天晚上向部署的家庭成员说晚安的特殊方式

部署后支持

与家人和孩子一起庆祝。回答问题并让孩子说话。承认孩子的感受，帮助孩子找到言语或图片来描述这些感受。确保他们知道所有的感受都可以。当你没有见过某人时，这是正常的感觉害羞或紧张。认识到这是家庭的重大过渡，他们可能需要与资源和支持相关联。与您的程序合作以识别您可以分享的资源。

案例示例

阅读以下情景，并考虑在部署不同阶段支持您在护理中支持儿童的建议。

韦恩和纳塔利娅，你班上的孩子的父母，都在军队中服务。他们在亚洲的任务时遇到了，自从以来一直在全世界都在一起。他们喜欢旅行和生活在新的地方。在八年的婚姻中，他们有两个国际作业。他们有四年前的第一个孩子，Ximena，她现在是学龄前计划的孩子。亚慱彩票虽然他们经常移动，但他们从未在同一时间部署 - 直到现在。Wayne和Natalia都分配了六个月的职责。在某些方面，韦恩和纳塔利娅对这次旅行感到很好地准备：他们知道纳塔利娅的母亲会照顾Ximena，他们已经完成了Ximena的保险和护理的所有预先部署文书工作。他们觉得对这种长期分离的情感造成的造成较少。您可以和您的计划可以帮助这个家庭，特别是Ximena，之前，期间和之后的双重部署？

您可以考虑以下内容：

• 鼓励家庭和希梅娜开始about the upcoming deployment.
• 谈谈父母要去哪里以及为什么。
• 准备ximena将留下同样的事情：她会在奶奶那样睡觉，就像她有时现在一样，她仍然会去你的孩子发展计划，玩她最喜欢的游戏，吃她最喜欢的食物，并拥有她的特殊娃娃和玩具。
• Create personalized stories about her parents and what is going on while they are away for Ximena to read while she is at preschool.
• Create special items that could comfort Ximena during difficult times in the classroom (e.g., make a pillow out of one of mom or dad's shirts for Ximena to sleep with).
• Provide Ximena with a consistent routine and predictable rituals at child care.
• 包括儿童关怀的提醒关于Ximena似乎困难的例程。你也可以对家里挑战的例程做同样的事情。
• 与Ximena谈论情绪，并鼓励她通过向父母绘制图片或书写笔记来分享她的情感。请记住，您可以帮助幼儿写出他们大声共享的单词。当她需要额外的支持时安慰她。
• 分享消息或指出，父母送到儿童开发中心与Ximena分享。
• 为Ximena的问题或评论提供诚实的回应，对她的父母有关。例如，如果她分享她害怕，你可以说，“我有时也害怕，”或者你可以通过说，“你的妈妈和爸爸正在做他们能够安全的一切来解决一个关于她的父母的问题。”避免精心制作的反应，这可能压倒她。
• 当Ximena的父母回到家时，帮助Ximena谈论她的情绪：焦虑，羞怯，兴奋。确保她知道所有的情绪都可以。
• 组织一项特殊活动，曾经从部署中回来了Ximena和她的父母。例如，父母午餐或野餐。
• 鼓励西纳表达她的感受并分享她的感受。

Take Care of Yourself

You provide crucial support for children and families. You cannot do that, however, if you don't take care of yourself. Helping children through difficult and sometimes tragic times can be incredibly challenging. You might find that your own mental health mirrors that of the people around you. Make sure you take time to reflect on your own needs. Talk to people around you about your feelings. Talk to your supervisor about resources in your community for families experiencing deployment or loss. Taking care of yourself will make you better able to care for children. You can also learn more about your own self-care in theSocial & Emotional Learning for Teachers (SELF-T)和自我和文化理解courses.