Know

Each child's day should begin with a simple health check. This is a quick way to make sure the child is healthy enough to be in your preschool program. Most children occasionally get a runny nose, cough, or mild fever. This usually causes little worry for teachers and families. However, sometimes, a child's illness can become more severe. Programs have policies to guide decision-making when dealing with ill children. Because you know the children in your classroom well, you can most likely tell when a child in your care is well enough to participate in activities, and recognize when a child is too sick to stay in the preschool program. Your program likely has guidelines to help you make this decision. The American Academy of Pediatrics (2011) offers three key factors in deciding whether a child is too sick for child care:

• 孩子不能参加活动
• 孩子的疾病对其他孩子或员工带来了风险
• 你不能一边照顾孩子，一边照顾其他孩子

If you think a child meets any of these criteria, it is likely that they should be sent home. See the resources in the Learn Activities section of this lesson for a complete list of illnesses that do or do not merit exclusion from child care.

每天的健康检查是一个很好的时机来评估一个孩子的健康，从而做出这些决定。记住，决定一个孩子是否健康到可以留在托儿所的程度，是由你的计划而不是家庭来决定的。在你的项目中，你必须考虑其他孩子和员工的健康。

日常健康检查也会记录孩子的外貌或行为的任何变化，如果你怀疑孩子受到虐待或忽视，这一点很重要。如果怀疑孩子有长期的生理或心理健康需要，这些信息对家庭也非常有用。健康检查，如果进行敏感和记录彻底，可以帮助你建立与儿童和家庭的关系。这节课将回答许多幼儿园工作人员关于健康检查的问题。亚慱彩票

What Is a Health Check?

健康检查是对孩子的身体，情绪和行为的快速评估。作为您的健康检查的一部分，您还应该收集家庭的信息。您想知道是否存在影响儿童或家庭成员的健康变化。一个简单的，“今天每个人都感觉好吗？”可以开始对话。当您了解一个孩子时，您将迅速注意到日常日常的任何差异。健康检查的目的是注意到孩子可能会经历的任何疾病或健康问题。

When Should I Do a Health Check?

You should do a health check each morning when a child arrives. Ideally, health checks should be completed before the parent or guardian leaves the building. This will give you a chance to talk with the parent or guardian if you suspect the child is ill or if you have questions about any changes in the child's appearance or behavior. You should also do a health check any time you notice a change in the child's appearance or behavior. You might do a series of health checks across the day if you suspect a child is not feeling well.

See

健康检查是什么样子的？

进行日常健康检查的具体程序可能会有所不同。请观看此视频，了解有关如何敏感和适当地进行日常健康检查的更多信息。

日常健康检查

What Should I Look For?

Your program may provide you with a daily health check form. If not, the Apply section of this lesson has two samples that you can adapt for your use. When doing a health check, be sure to use all your senses.

• 看看孩子的身体。你有没有看到瘀伤、割伤、擦伤或烧伤？你看到孩子的眼睛或鼻子有开放性溃疡或液体流出吗？你看到头上或身上有划痕吗？你有没有看到任何不寻常的行为（悲伤、困倦、易怒、缺乏食欲）？
• 倾听是否有咳嗽、喘息或鼻塞。
• Feel the child's skin for a fever or signs of dehydration if they appear ill.
• Use your sense of smell to check for any unusual odors.

Do

Document any problems or changes on your daily health check form. If you think the child is ill and should not be in child care, talk with the parent or guardian immediately. This will allow them to make alternate plans.

Whether or not you see a problem, it is important to document daily health checks. Use a form provided by your program or use the one provided in the Apply Activities section below. Record that you did a health check each day, and mark anything unusual for the child or family. Be sure to save this documentation for at least 30 days. In the event of a disease outbreak, these records can be very useful to your program and public health officials.

Exclusion and Readmission Policies

您的计划的排除和入院政策考虑到儿童，其他儿童，员工以及家庭需求的健康状况。重要的是，您遵守您的计划的政策，帮助家庭了解您的计划与健康有关的预期和要求。

Your administrator is responsible for determining whether or not a child needs to be excluded from child care for health reasons and for how long. It's your responsibility to know:

• The conditions and symptoms that do not require exclusion
• The criteria for the exclusion of ill children
• The procedures for a child who requires exclusion

与普遍的看法相反，排除患有轻微疾病的儿童不太可能减少病菌的传播，因为大多数儿童在患病前后都会传播病菌，或者不会出现任何症状。但是，如果孩子生病了，决定送他们回家，记得要对孩子和家人做出敏感的反应。马上和家人联系，让他们去接生病的孩子。当家人或监护人到达时，描述症状并提供家人可能需要给医生的任何文件。包括你注意到疾病的时间、症状描述、任何生命体征（如体温）以及你提供的任何医生开的、家人书面批准的药物，或你采取的其他行动。同时提醒你的家人你的计划的政策和孩子什么时候可以回来。

Your program is designed to help promote healthy practices. Take some time to learn about your program's policies and facilities for sick children. Watch this video to learn more.

Planning for Illness

Your programs should notify the staff and families of children who have come into contact with a child who is ill with one of the following conditions:

• 脑膜炎
• Pertussis (whooping cough)
• Invasive infections such as strep
• 水痘
• 皮肤感染个案ns or infestations (head lice, scabies, and ringworm)
• Infections of the gastrointestinal tract (often with diarrhea) and hepatitis A virus (HAV)
• Haemophilus influenzaetype B (Hib)
• Fifth disease (parvovirus B19)
• Measles
• Tuberculosis

Families and staff should also be notified if two or more unrelated persons affiliated with the facility are infected with a vaccine-preventable or infectious disease.

如果在您的课堂上怀疑这些疾病或条件中的一种，您的计划将需要通知所有与儿童或儿童接触的家庭和工作人员。此通知应包括（照顾我们的孩子，2015）：

• 儿童暴露的诊断疾病的常见疾病的名称和医学名称，是否有一种案例或爆发，以及曝光的性质（例如共享房间中的儿童或工作人员或设施）
• 父母/监护人应观察的疾病体征和症状
• Mode of transmission of the disease
• Period of communicability and how long to watch for signs and symptoms of the disease
• Disease-prevention measures recommended by the health department (if appropriate)
• Control measures implemented at the facility
• Pictures of skin lesions or skin condition may be helpful to parents or guardians (e.g., chicken pox, spots on tonsils, etc.)

通知应该是notidentify the child who has the infectious disease.

在某些情况下，您的项目可能需要联系医疗专业人员或公共卫生官员。有些疾病被认为是“可报告的疾病”。您的计划需要遵循健康指南，将这些疾病的发生通知家庭和员工。疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）每年更新一份可报告疾病的清单，可在https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/notified/2020/.

为了减轻生病的压力，和家人一起工作，确保为生病的孩子制定一个计划。家庭、员工和项目应确保：

• Families have an alternate child-care arrangement for days when their child is sick
• 项目为患病儿童提供了一个安全的地方，让他们等到家人来接他们；这个空间应该由孩子认识的成年人监督
• A written policy is in place about exclusion and readmission following an illness; this policy is shared with families
• Lines of communication are open; staff share information with families about their child's wellness, and families share information with staff about a child's wellness. This includes communicating with the program when a child is diagnosed with an infectious disease.

Finally, remember that you as a staff member are capable of spreading illnesses, too. If you are sick, stay home. If you have any of the illnesses listed on the exclusion list, you should stay home from work until you meet the criteria for returning.

Immunizations

Immunizations help prevent serious diseases. For immunizations to be effective, they must be given as scheduled. Researchers regularly discover new information concerning immunizations, such as who should receive them and when, so it might be helpful for you to stay up-to-date on the latest recommendations. You can learn more about immunization on the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions website athttp://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/index.html.

Though it is helpful for you to be knowledgeable about immunizations, it is your manager's responsibility to get immunization information from families to ensure your program is in compliance with all health-related regulations. It is important for teachers and caregivers to be immunized also, so ensure that you follow your program's guidelines in terms of recommended immunizations for staff members.