知道

Handwashing

洗手是你可以做的最重要的事情，以保持自己和课堂上的孩子健康。洗手术停止了疾病和感染的传播，这对您和您的护理中的孩子很重要。研究发现，适当的洗手减少了50％的儿童和成年人腹泻型疾病的发生。它还可以帮助预防感冒，流感和其他感染。必须知道成年人和孩子应该如何洗手。

健康的习惯在初期开始，您可以教会儿童对如何预防疾病和感染的大小。有三种主要方面可以进入身体：通过与咳嗽和打喷嚏，切割和刮擦的粘液，切割和刮擦，以及与血液和其他体液接触。作为学龄前亚慱彩票教师，重要的是要知道如何防止这些来源的疾病传播以及如何促进卫生习惯。保持清洁手是我们可以采取的最重要的步骤之一，以避免生病和向他人传播细菌。

咳嗽和打喷嚏

When someone coughs or sneezes, tiny particles are released into the air. These particles can contain germs. When we breathe in these particles or touch a surface that has been contaminated, we increase our risk of getting sick. The risk increases if we touch our eyes, nose, or mouth. Proper handwashing after sneezing, coughing into your hand, blowing your nose, or after helping a child who has sneezed is important to maintain a healthy environment and to avoid the spread of disease.

呼吸道感染和细菌通过咳嗽和打喷嚏。除了咳嗽或打喷嚏后的洗手外，使用这些简单的技术来减少空气传播细菌的传播：

• 咳入你的手肘而不是你的手。较旧的幼儿可以显示这种技术，但知道他们可能不记得一直这样做。适合模型帮助他们开始健康的实践。
• 如果有可用的话，请用一次性组织盖住打喷嚏。在免提垃圾桶中处理组织。
• Keep tissues in the classroom and take them with you when you go outside, which allows preschoolers the opportunity to practice this healthy habit. You might go through a lot of tissues but it's the formation of a good habit that matters. Of course, after using the tissue and throwing it away, you and the children need to wash hands.

切割，刮擦和溃疡

当伤口愈合时,他们可能会滴,软泥或流失。These fluids can spread infection and the wound itself also is susceptible to infection. The American Academy of Pediatrics (2011) recommends covering and containing any wound that is leaking. If the wound cannot be contained, the child or adult should stay home until a scab has developed. Hand-hygiene is critical before and after contact with your own, another staff-member's, or a child's sores, cuts, or scrapes.

Blood and Other Body Fluids

血液可以携带各种病原体。血源性病原体包括人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV），乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）。这些疾病在儿童护理中的传播是罕见的。它们最常通过针棒或血液或其他体液通过眼睛，鼻子，嘴巴或破碎的皮肤进入身体时。这些疾病不会通过唾液，汗水或呕吐物传播。休闲接触，如拥抱，分享杯子，使用公共洗手间，或咳嗽和打喷嚏不要分布血腥疾病。

However, to promote hygiene practices and decrease the chance of contracting various infectious diseases, you should wash your hands before and after helping a child or another staff member who has been injured, and after handling bodily fluids of any kind (i.e., mucus, blood, vomit, saliva, urine), and you should wear gloves. You should wash hands immediately after contact with blood, body fluids, excretions, or wound dressings and bandages. Once again, it is important to wear gloves when you may come into contact with blood or body fluids which may contain blood. More about the use and removal of gloves is provided in Lesson Three. Every step of the handwashing procedure is important to the whole process and a missed step can cause re-contamination and the spread of germs. A poster showing proper handwashing procedures should be posted by every adult and child sink for reference (see Apply section). In addition, handwashing supplies should always be well stocked and accessible.

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Proper handwashing technique is important. Though it seems simple, there are several steps you must take to make sure your hands are clean.

适当的手卫生

现在观看第二个视频，看看儿童发展专业人员保护自己并促进健康习惯的方式。

防止疾病传播

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什么时候洗手

适当的手工卫生让您和儿童保持健康，因为它可以防止疾病传播。你教孩子的技能也可以帮助这些做法回家。最近的一项研究表明，在使用公共洗手间后，只有31％的男性和65％的女性洗手。（犹大等，2009）。知道什么时候洗手就像了解如何洗手一样重要。预防疾病的传播取决于警惕洗手。你应该洗手：

• When you get to work in the morning or reenter the room after a break
• 当你搬到另一个孩子的另一个房间时
• Whenever your hands are visibly dirty or soiled
• 准备食物之前和之后
• 吃，处理食物或喂孩子之前和之后
• 服用药物之前和之后
• 在与您自己或儿童的疮，切割或刮擦之前和之后
• Before and after helping a child or another staff member who has been injured
• 在水中玩之前和之后
• 处理动物或清理动物废物之前
• Before and after diapering
• 使用洗手间后
• 在帮助孩子厕所之后
• 处理任何种类的体液（即粘液，血液，呕吐物，唾液，尿液）
• 在沙子或户外玩
• After handling garbage or cleaning
• 去除一次性手套后
• 在处理未煮过的食物之后
• After helping a child wash his or her hands
• After sneezing, coughing into your hand, or blowing your nose
• 在帮助一个打喷嚏的孩子后
• 来自户外后

教孩子们如何洗手

当你教孩子们如何洗手时，你就可以为他们提供重要的生活技能。这项技能将有助于让你和其他孩子健康。您应该教孩子们在您的注意中遵循您遵循的相同的洗手程序。这使您可以成为良好的卫生实践的典范。就像你一样，当他们在早上和全天到达时，孩子们应该洗手。

为了帮助培养良好的卫生实践，您应该确保孩子们提供儿童身高汇或安全步骤。确保儿童每次都按照以下步骤操作：

• 孩子们应该在水流中完全潮湿。
• 申请liquid soap.
• Lather the soap well.
• 孩子们很重要，让他们的双手洗手20秒 - 就像成年人一样。当他们洗手时教孩子们唱一首歌曲可以提供帮助。“字母歌曲，”闪烁，闪烁的小星星，“或”生日歌曲“都是良好的选择。
• 记得教孩子们擦洗所有表面，包括手的背部，手指之间的手腕和指甲。
• 冲洗好双手。
• 用一次性毛巾擦干手。
• Use your towel to turn off the faucet.

您还应该挂在水槽上方的照片或海报，如下所示，帮助提醒孩子措施适当的洗手。在“应用”部分中，您可以在您的程序中使用的海报示例。

If no sink is available (on a field trip, for example), check with your supervisor to see if alcohol-based hand sanitizers are approved for use in your program. If so, supervise the children closely and teach them how to rub their hands together and let the sanitizer air dry. Hand sanitizers are only effective if hands are not visibly soiled.

Respond to teachable moments as occasions arise in your classroom and use these as opportunities to remind children when and how to wash their hands properly. For example, if you notice a child sneezing into his or her hands and then touching toys or other classroom surfaces, praise the child for 'covering' their sneeze and remind him or her that they should wash their hands after sneezing. At the same time, make sure you follow procedures to properly clean and sanitize toys and surfaces the child may have touched after sneezing.