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What are Your Views about Families?

当你听到这个词时，你的想法是什么家庭？也许对受影响和塑造你生命的个人的思想，或者聚集在一起庆祝假期和其他重要事件的人;也许闻到家庭熟食的食物，对话记忆或你与亲人，爱情，喜悦或悲伤感的争论。

家庭是个人生命的核心。特别是当涉及幼儿时，家庭呈现严重影响儿童福祉和发展的关键作用。作为与幼儿合作的专业，对您来说至关重要，欣赏和了解儿童家庭。本课程将熟悉您目前查看家庭的观点以及如何运作。此信息将提供有用的背景，以更好地了解您的工作和与家庭的互动。

家庭的意思

当你想到“家庭”这个词时对你意味着什么？谁弥补了你的家庭？你在一起做什么样的事情？你在家里玩什么职位？

每个家庭都是不同的，重要的是要对构成一个家庭的原因来保持开放。每个人以他或她自己的方式定义家庭。对于一些人来说，家庭可以代表那些生活在同一个家的人（在一个屋檐下）。对于其他人来说，家庭可能是孩子的父母和所有重要成年人，这些成年人都帮助照顾幼儿，如祖父母，阿姨，叔叔，邻居或最好的朋友。家庭在学龄前儿童的生活中是一致的，这是一个关于孩子的最重亚慱彩票要信息来源。

美国人口普查局定义家庭作为一群由出生，婚姻或采用相关的两个或更多人，谁住在一起。全国幼儿教育协会（2011年，第3页）暗示“该术语”家庭may include those adults, besides parents, with the responsibility of being involved in educating, nurturing, and advocating for the child.” Researchers studying and working with families define家庭作为“将自己视为一个家庭的两个或两个以上的人，以及履行家庭通常表现的职能。这些人可能或可能与血液或婚姻有关，也可能与否或可能不会居住在一起“（Turnbull，Turnbull，Erwin，＆Soodak，2006，第7页）。

有什么事情你脱颖而出read these definitions? You may notice that the first definition is quite specific in terms of how relationships are described, whereas the other two definitions are broader. As a professional working with young children, it is important to acknowledge that your own experiences influence your views about families and working with families. You will encounter individuals who define family differently than you do and who may share values, customs, or codes of behavior that are different from yours. Family structures have become more diverse through shared custody, same-sex couple families, families where members have different immigration statuses, and when a parent has children with multiple partners. While these circumstances do not always bring challenges, research suggests that children whose family structures are complex may be more likely to experience negative consequences, such as less caregiving from a parent. Today, 40 percent of children are born to unmarried parents. Like the concept of ‘family,’ the concept of family well-being is also challenging to define. You may recognize family well-being when you see it in your program. Or you may recognize when families’ lack some aspect of family well-being. As you think about how best to engage with and support the families in your program, consider your role in strengthening families’ protective factors. The good news is that many of the behaviors that correspond to positive family functioning can be “taught and strengthened with education.” (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2019, p. 42).

今天的家庭如何看待？介绍以家庭为中心的练习

因为家庭是他们孩子的发展核心，他们是他们孩子教育过程中的合作伙伴，积极参与者和决策者。结果，一个居家焦点被认为是幼儿教育，计划和服务的质量指标之一。在核心家庭-centered practice信念是家庭是孩子生命中最重要的决策者。因此，专业人士必须尊重，支持和提升每个家庭的优势和独特特征（Sandall，Hemmeter，Smith，＆Mclean，2005）。

Family-centered practice also means that you understand the important effect all family members have on each other and on the preschool child. Each family member affects the other and the ways that the family functions. All family members are interconnected. From our family, we learn skills that enable us to engage in school and the workplace.

在考虑以家庭为中心的实践时，您将作为更大系统的一部分查看学龄前儿童;亚慱彩票您正在将家庭成员视为整体。您意识到和敏感于家庭内部发生的相互作用和关系，以及影响它们的外部互动和支持。为了保持关系并有效地工作，您学习，尊重和理解每个家庭及其支持系统的特征。您还可以考虑可能影响他们参与的家庭的特点和压力。什么影响一个家庭成员可以影响所有家庭成员。一个家庭是一个系统，其中没有一个成员可以被隔离地看。

以科素为本

Throughout the Virtual Laboratory School, we consider family-centered practice as an umbrella term that encompasses the beliefs and actions of people in your program. Consider this graphic:

信仰	行动
家庭是孩子生命中最重要的决策者。	我们了解家庭的想法和偏好。 我们在编程中提供选择。 我们涉及计划领导的家庭。 我们涉及在决策中的家庭。
Families are unique and their differences enrich our programs.	我们尊重和尊重多样性。 我们涉及孩子生命中的所有重要人物。 我们聘请并涉及家庭。 我们制定敏感和互惠关系。 We represent families in our programs.
Families are resilient.	我们了解家庭的优势，需求和环境。 我们将家庭与资源连接。 我们建立家庭的优势。
Families are central to development and learning.	We share information with families. 我们听家人。 我们将家人视为孩子的第一任教师。 我们尊重家庭对孩子的专业知识。
家庭是我们的合作伙伴。	我们使用尊重，响应和双向沟通。 我们接触家庭。 我们涉及我们计划的各个方面的家庭。

努力了解学龄前儿童及其家人可以为您创造机会，让您更好地支持您的亚慱彩票孩子。

尊重家庭的多样性

在前几年的生命中发生了一些非常重要的学习yabo电子游艺。例如，学龄前儿童正在学习如亚慱&yabo电子游艺#24425;票何与同龄人和成年人互动，如何表达他们的情绪，以及如何表达独立性。所有这些行为都受到文化的影响。文化是指不同群体的共同经历和历史。文化差异可能包括家庭和社区观点，儿童期望，父母的角色以及教育的价值的差异。

Culture is a significant factor in the ways families raise their children and how you interact with preschool children. Examine your own cultural experiences and consider how these experiences affect your practice with preschoolers and families. Each individual brings specific values, beliefs and assumptions about child rearing and development to their work. In almost every type of preschool routine you perform, your values about it were shaped by your childhood and training. As you work with preschoolers and families, it is important to recognize your values and beliefs and the ways in which they are communicated. For example, a parent might expect his child to use a pacifier at nap time, and you expect a child to stop using a pacifier during the toddler stage.

有时，您可能会觉得如何关心学龄前儿童或如何聘请具有较为不同经验和文化的家庭，包括那些讲一种不熟悉的语言或者有陌生的亚慱彩票宗教习俗的人。您可以承认差异，并展示对家庭的兴趣，以建立关系，并学习为您的护理中的学龄前儿童提供支持。亚慱彩票例如，您可以了解家庭的份额和何时享用膳食，这是受文化的影响并影响发展。通过文化镜头观察差异，尊重的对话可以导致如何在集团早期护理和学习环境中支持这些做法。yabo电子游艺

早期护理和学习设置提供了成年人yabo电子游艺和儿童可以了解和荣誉价值观，信仰和看法的差异的环境。yabo电子游艺学习一个人的文化主要发生在家庭中，然而，在早期的护理和学习环境中，学龄前儿童还了解文化和体验关系，影响他们对他们是谁以及他们将成为谁的关系。亚慱彩票

为了帮助孩子培养这种感觉，他们将成为谁，他们必须尊重和庆祝家庭的多样性。各种维度存在多样性：

• 作文（谁是家庭的成员）
• 种族和种族
• 语
• 社会经济状况
• 性取向
• Ability or disability
• 学历
• Values and traditions
• Child-rearing practices

Being a responsive preschool teacher means that you demonstrate sensitivity and consideration for the multiple backgrounds, experiences, values, and contexts in which children and families live. Awareness of diversity brings the understanding of the way we act and what we believe can be different from the way other people act or what other people believe.

作为一个响应的学龄前老师也意味着您避免亚慱彩票了对不同人群的假设以及他们行为或思考的方式。尽可能重要地确认差异之间各组的人，认识也很重要之内- 群体差异。虽然来自特定地理区域或文化遗产的人可能存在通常共享的特征，价值观和属性，但在价值观或做事的方式中，同一组内仍然存在相当大的变化。

Working with families whose values and beliefs are different from your own may, at times, make you feel uneasy or uncomfortable. Embracing diversity in your work with children and families does not happen overnight. On the contrary, it can be a long and often messy process in which people from various backgrounds are challenged to face and understand different points of view, accept unfamiliar ways of doing things, and ultimately work together toward a common goal. It is important to understand that this is a two-way process, and that in the same way you may occasionally feel challenged or confused, families may feel the same. Researchers in the field of family and diversity remind us, “the challenge is not so much for service providers to give up their own beliefs, as to cultivate a habit of learning to understand and respect those of others.”

看

欣赏儿童家庭

在学龄前拥抱家庭多样性：老师声音亚慱彩票

尊敬的家庭：家庭声音

做

有很多方法可以展示您将儿童的家人重视您的计划中。考虑以下准则，反映了以家庭为中心的实践（约翰逊，1990; Turnbull，Turbiville，Turnbull，2000）。然后考虑如何在您的儿童和家庭中使用这些指南。

• 将家庭视为儿童生命中的常量，并且照顾者和服务系统可能会出现。
• 促进家庭和专业人士之间的合作。
• 鼓励家庭到家庭的支持和网络。
• Honor and respect family diversity in all dimensions (cultural, racial, ethnic, linguistic, spiritual, socio-economic, or in terms of family members’ sexual orientation). You may do this by:
  • 问家人有关他们的家庭语言和共享关键短语they use at home.
  • 拥有家庭信息和儿童书籍用每个家庭的语言。
  • 邀请家人访问设置和sing songs, tell stories, and show books or pictures that demonstrate their culture，并介绍了文化特异性食物。
  • 观察家庭如何互动他们的学龄前儿童。亚慱彩票
  • Asking families tocreate a family or neighborhood storybook。
  • Meeting regularly与家庭一起了解他们的学龄前儿童的希望，梦想和目标。亚慱彩票

包括儿童家庭

完成本课程

For more information on what to expect in this course, the Family Engagement Competency Reflection, and a list of the accompanying Learn, Explore and Apply resources and activities offered throughout the lessons, visit the Preschool Family Engagement课程指南。

请注意，每个课程结束时的引用和资源部分概述了参考源和资源，以查找有关所涵盖主题的其他信息。当您完成课程时，您预计不会审查所有可用的在线参考。但是，欢迎您进一步探索资源，如果您有兴趣或培训师，教练或管理员的要求进一步探索资源。