Know

维持卫生

It is critical to keep diapering areas and restrooms clean in child development and school-age programs. Toileting and diapering are a major source of contamination and unsanitary practices can put staff members, children, and youth at risk for illness and infection. Sanitary conditions must be maintained in all diapering areas and restrooms. Make sure:

• Toilets are flushed.
• 地板，门，墙壁和变化表面清洁。
• 纸巾和其他垃圾被正确抛弃。
• 可提供自动水，肥皂，纸巾，弄脏衣服的塑料袋和卫生纸。
• Adults always wash hands after changing a diaper, helping a child use the toilet, assisting with soiled clothing, or touching contaminated surfaces.
• All children and adults wash their hands properly.

Handwashing and Diapering

在尿布和如厕时，正确的洗手程序是必不可少的。尿布过程中洗手的顺序对环境没有污染至关重要。有两次成人在尿布时必须洗手。成人必须先洗手，然后再收集尿布用品，并在最后一步，在他们把清洁和消毒溶液。婴儿和学步儿童必须洗手或在穿上干净的尿布并穿好衣服后洗手。有关洗手的更多信息，请参见第二课。

Toileting Procedures

与尿布一样厕所，具有必须遵循的程序，以减少细菌的传播。厕所有额外的健康考虑因素，因为幼儿正在学习自助技能，并积极参与厕所常规。yabo电子游艺结果，污染的可能性增加。

Have Supplies Stocked and Accessible

在员工需要时提供所有必要的物品对安全和健康都至关重要。在换尿布的过程中，意识到有人用了最后一副手套，真是太可怕了。或者，当你教一个蹒跚学步的孩子如何洗手时，你会发现肥皂分配器是空的。与员工一起建立系统；有人应该在一天开始时检查所有的用品是否有充足的库存，以确保员工在需要时总是有他们需要的东西。这可能是每个房间或项目的开放工作人员的职责。

手套程序

Gloves, though recommended and required by many programs, do not automatically protect infants, toddlers and adults from exposure to germs. Adults often feel a false sense of protection when they wear gloves. Wearing gloves merely involves protecting your hands; germs that touch a glove can unknowingly be spread to the next surface the glove touches.

以下摘自《关爱我们的孩子》（2015）的手套程序说明了手套的正确使用，无论您是在治疗受伤的婴儿或学步儿童，还是在尿布过程中使用手套。

1. 如果手被明显弄脏，请在使用手套前洗手。
2. Put on a clean pair of gloves.
3. Provide appropriate care.
4. 小心地取下手套。抓住手掌上的第一只手套，把手套脱掉。只接触脏表面。
5. Ball up the dirty glove in the palm of the other gloved hand.
6. 用干净的手剥去手腕下面的手套，在外面转动手套。仅触摸脏曲面到脏曲面。
7. 立即丢弃脏手套。洗手。

Remember, wearing gloves does not take the place of handwashing! Lesson Two provides a visual handout on the procedure for removing gloves that you can share with staff.

如厕训练

许多与婴儿和幼儿或幼儿园合作的工作人员将需要在便携式培训问题中指导。亚慱彩票PoTty培训是儿童的重要里程碑，以及工作人员必须敏感地接近的重要里程碑。您可以帮助教师和工作人员学习：

• When children are typically ready to begin potty training
• How to tell if a particular child is ready for potty training
• How to help children potty train successfully
• 如何帮助孩子（包括学龄前和学龄儿童）回应事故亚慱彩票
• 如何与家庭关注和输入有关便利培训的敏感性。

为其他方式观看此视频，您可以在您的环境中支持厕所培训。

Supervise & Support

厕所训练Toddlers

You should also remember that staff members who work with preschoolers or school-age children may also need support around promoting independent toileting. For most children, potty training is a distant memory by kindergarten. That doesn't mean that there won't be an occasional accident. It also doesn't mean that they won't need some support around their growing independence. Here are some things to keep in mind when supporting staff who work with school-age children and older preschoolers.

• 事故发生,他们可以羞辱the child. Make sure staff respond sensitively and make it a point to protect the child's privacy. Help staff members think about ways to minimize attention toward the accident and ways they can subtly help children find clean clothes. It's also important that staff members help children "save face" when they re-enter the program area after an accident.
• Promote independence in young school-agers. In most school-age programs, children do not need adult permission to use the restroom, but this might be a new and difficult idea for young children transitioning into the program. Help staff remain patient and support children as they learn to recognize their own needs and take care of them independently.
• 未雨绸缪。常规或令人兴奋的特殊活动的变化可以让孩子忘记照顾他们的需求。这意味着工作人员应该提醒学龄前和学龄儿童在实地考察或漫长的巴士亚慱彩票骑行前使用洗手间。

除了这些要点，请记住，必须适当处理事故以限制污染和细菌的蔓延。附上，找到工作人员应在活动中应遵循的步骤，学龄前儿童或学龄儿童发生意外。亚慱彩票通过培训师和教练，通过不同的案例方案进行谈话，因此工作人员觉得准备好敏感地处理事故，并具有适当的卫生习惯。

便盆训练的障碍

• Children are not yet ready.Sometimes toddlers are pushed into potty training before their bodies are ready. It is not impossible to help a child who is not ready to learn to use the potty, but it is definitely more of a challenge.
• Families are not yet ready.对于愿意做出承诺的家庭，他们必须随时帮助孩子在家里培训氛围，带来所有所需的供应，并作为一个团队与教学人员一起工作，所以孩子的加固效果一致。过渡使用厕所可能涉及情绪上的家庭放松自己的宝宝，并拥抱他们的孩子现在是学龄前儿童。亚慱彩票这可能是一些家庭通过的过程;事实上，他们甚至可能都不知道他们对这个过程感到矛盾。
• 文化期望有所不同。在美国，一个普遍的期望是孩子们在三年级时接受如厕训练；女孩大约两岁，男孩大约两岁半。其他文化可能会提倡孩子们应该在更早或更晚的时间内接受如厕训练。与所有决定一样，工作人员应与家属协商，了解他们的期望。
• 时间是一个因素。孩子可能在身体上，但在情感上还没有准备好上厕所。也许是新的兄弟姐妹来了，父母出动了，家庭搬家了，或者其他家庭的变化使如厕训练成为一种额外的压力源，而不是一项受欢迎的任务。在这种情况下，最好推迟如厕训练，直到孩子或家人度过了过渡期的大部分情绪动荡。

程序支持

家庭在便盆训练中带头。您的员工应与家人咨询，分享关于准备迹象的想法，并决定如何与孩子最佳合作。您的员工应公开与文化信仰和价值观的家庭合作，为何时以及如何进行便携性培训而产生不同的期望。沟通思想和期望是提供符合儿童最佳利益的护理的最佳方式。

Toilet training is typically easier for children when they can feel the effects of "accidents" and can take an active role in changing to dry clothing. You should adhere to your Service's or program's policies on what kinds of clothing should be worn when potty training and be sure to have your staff communicate with the families about these policies.

家属和工作人员应就使用的适当词语达成一致。大多数程序使用身体功能和身体部位（排便、排尿等）的公认名称。需要与家属讨论，以便家属和您的员工尽可能使用相同的词语。

期望对齐沟通仍然开放，团队的所有成员准备好并一起工作。工作人员的适当赞美和积极的加强在鼓励儿童过渡到便盆使用方面很重要。对赞美的特点（“你呆了干，”“你自己走到了PoTty！”）有助于保持特定反馈和真实的。

Diapering and Toileting Is a Time for Learning

Diapering and toileting is an opportunity to engage in nurturing interactions that support all domains of development; it is so much more than taking care of a child's physical needs. While diapering and toileting, infants and toddlers:

• Learn self-help skills needed for preschool.
• Acquire language and communication skills through listening and verbalizing (cooing, babbling, talking) with staff during routine care.
• Develop a sense of competence when they are helpful.
• Practice small and large muscle skills, including grasping their pants to push down and pull up during toileting and holding their legs up and returning to a sitting position during diapering.
• Develop their emotional attachment to staff, which helps them feel secure and supports their development and learning.

The Importance of Documentation

Recording when infants and toddlers are diapered or when they use the bathroom is important information to both staff and their families. Changes in these bodily functions of infants can be an indication that something is wrong and needs to be addressed. For toddlers, documentation helps potty training when staff can identify toileting patterns. It is important to document diapering and toileting records immediately. If staff put off documentation, something will likely come up and they will have to rely on their memory rather than recording it accurately.

管理Practices That Support Appropriate Potty Training and Toilet Hygiene

The chart below summarizes your key responsibilities when it comes to ensuring that your Service's requirements for potty training are met.

管理Practices		Staff Practices
我应该一直…	To ensure	Staff never…
确保员工培训我们的服务要求和便携式培训的最佳实践		Fail to follow proper procedures for diapering and potty training 在没有第一次与家庭会面的情况下开始便利的培训流程，讨论准备，期望和期限协议 给家庭或孩子施加压力，让他们在准备好之前使用便盆 侮辱家庭或儿童因文化信仰而延迟便盆培训 Forget to track progress and communicate that progress daily to families
提供员工上厕所所需的设备和用品		Forgo proper diapering or toileting procedures due to a lack of supplies
迄今为止，让家庭和员工手册谈到我们的计划致力于培训		Fail to follow our program's policies and philosophy when it comes to potty training
Ensure staff are trained on how to appropriately respond to toileting accidents		Respond insensitively to a child's toilet accident or fail to address the accident with proper hygienic procedures
在洗手间或更衣区进行程序巡检，和/或提供检查表、用品和其他工具，以确保如厕和更衣区保持清洁		将洗手间或更衣区留在不卫生的地方 未能拥有所需的材料来维护卫生厕所和尿布实践