知道

维持卫生

在儿童发展和学龄计划中保持尿布区域和洗手间清洁至关重要。厕所和尿布是污染的主要来源，不卫生的做法可以让工作人员，儿童和青少年有疾病和感染的风险。所有尿布区域和洗手间必须保持卫生条件。确保：

• 厕所被冲洗。
• Floors, doors, walls, and changing surfaces are clean.
• Paper towels and other trash are thrown away properly.
• Running water, soap, paper towels, plastic bags for soiled clothing, and toilet paper are available.
• 成年人在改变尿布后总是洗手，帮助孩子使用厕所，辅助脏衣服，或触摸受污染的表面。
• 所有的孩子和成年人都适当地洗手。

洗手和尿布

Proper handwashing procedures are essential during diapering and toileting. The order in which handwashing is completed during the diapering procedure is critical for the environment to be free of contamination. There are two times adults must wash their hands during diapering. Adults must wash their hands first before they gather diaper supplies and again during the final step after they have put cleaning and sanitizing solutions away. Infants and toddlers must wash their hands or have their hands washed after a clean diaper is put on them and they are fully dressed. More on handwashing is addressed in Lesson Two.

厕所程序

个人卫生,与尿布一样,程序must be followed to reduce the spread of germs. Toileting has additional health considerations as toddlers are learning self-help skills and are actively participating in their toileting routine. As a result, the chances of contamination are increased.

提供库存和可访问的用品

当员工不能拥有所有必要的物品可用ed them is essential for both safety and health. It's awful to realize, in the middle of a diaper change, that someone used the last pair of gloves. Or, when showing a toddler how to wash their hands, you notice the soap dispenser is empty. Work with staff to have systems in place; someone should check that all supplies are well stocked at the beginning of the day to ensure that staff members always have what they need when they need it. This could be a duty of the opening staff member in each room or program.

Glove Procedures

虽然许多程序推荐和要求，但是，手套不自动保护婴儿，幼儿和成年人免受细菌暴露。当戴手套时，成年人经常感到虚假的保护感。佩戴手套只是涉及保护你的手;触摸手套的细菌可以在不知不觉中蔓延到手套接触的下一个表面。

The following Gloving Procedure, from Caring for Our Children (2015), illustrates correct general use of gloves, whether you are treating an infant or toddler with an injury or using them during diapering routines.

1. Wash hands prior to using gloves if hands are visibly soiled.
2. 穿上一双干净的手套。
3. 提供适当的护理。
4. Remove each glove carefully. Grab the first glove at the palm and strip the glove off. Touch dirty surfaces only to dirty surfaces.
5. 球在另一只手套的手掌中滚动肮脏的手套。
6. 用干净的手剥去手腕下面的手套，在外面转动手套。仅触摸脏曲面到脏曲面。
7. Discard the dirty gloves immediately in a step can. Wash your hands.

请记住，戴手套不会取代洗手！课程两节为移除您可以与员工分享的手套的程序提供了视觉讲义。

Potty Training

Many staff members who work with infants and toddlers, or young preschoolers, will need guidance in potty training issues. Potty training is an important milestone for children and one that staff members must approach sensitively. You can help teachers and staff members learn:

• 当孩子通常准备开始培训
• 如何判断特定的孩子是否准备好培训
• 如何成功帮助儿童便盆火车
• How to help children (including preschool and school-age children) respond to accidents
• How to work with and stay sensitive to families concerns and input about potty training.

Watch this video for other ways you can support toilet training in your setting.

监督和支持

厕所训练幼儿

您还应该记住，与学龄前儿童或学龄儿童合作的工作人员也可能需要支持促进独立厕所。亚慱彩票对于大多数孩子来说，便盆培训是幼儿园的遥远记忆。这并不意味着不会偶尔发生意外。它还并不意味着他们不需要各种各样的独立性支持。在支持与学龄儿童和较旧的学龄前儿童合作的工作人员时有些事情要记住。亚慱彩票

• 事故发生，他们可以羞辱孩子。确保员工敏感地回应并使其成为保护孩子隐私的点。帮助工作人员思考方法可以最大限度地减少对事故的注意力和他们可以巧妙地帮助儿童清洁衣服的方式。当事人在事故发生后重新进入计划区域时，工作人员帮助孩子们帮助孩子们也很重要。
• 促进年轻学校的独立性。在大多数学龄课程中，儿童不需要成人许可来使用洗手间，但这可能是转换到该计划的幼儿的一个新的和艰难的想法。帮助员工仍然患者，支持孩子，因为他们学会认识到自己的需求并独立照顾他们。
• Plan ahead. Changes in routine or exciting special events can make children forget to take care of their needs. This means staff should remind preschool and school-age children to use the restroom before field trips or long bus rides.

In addition to these points, remember that accidents must be handled appropriately to limit contamination and the spread of germs. Attached, find the steps that a staff member should follow in the event a toddler, preschooler or school-age child has an accident. With trainers and coaches, talk through different case scenarios so staff members feel prepared to handle accidents sensitively and with proper hygiene practices.

便盆训练的障碍

• 孩子们还没准备好。有时幼儿在他们的机构准备好之前被推入便盆训练。帮助一个没有准备学会使用便盆的孩子是不是不可能的，但它绝对是挑战。
• 家庭还没准备好。For families to be ready to make the commitment, they must be ready to help the child with potty training at home, bring all of the supplies needed, and to work as a team with the teaching staff so the child has consistent reinforcement. Transitioning to use the toilet may involve families emotionally letting go of their baby and embracing that their child is now a preschooler. This may be a process for some families to work through; in fact, they may not even be aware that they are feeling ambivalent about this process.
• Cultural expectations vary.A common expectation in the United States holds that children will be potty-trained by their third year; around age 2 years for girls and 2½ years for boys. Other cultures may promote that children should be potty-trained within an earlier or later time frame. As with all decisions, staff should consult with families to understand their expectations.
• Timing is a factor.A child may be physically but not emotionally ready for potty training. Perhaps a new sibling has arrived, a parent is deployed, the family has moved, or other family changes make potty training an additional stressor rather than a welcome task. It is best in these circumstances to delay potty training until the child or family has made it through most of the emotional upheaval in the transition.

Program Supports

Families take the lead in potty training. Your staff should consult with the families, share ideas about readiness signs and decide together how to best work with the child. Your staff should openly work with families whose cultural beliefs and values create different expectations for when and how potty training is conducted. Communicating ideas and expectations is the best way to provide care that is in the best interests of the child.

当他们感受到“事故”的影响时，卫生间培训通常对儿童更容易，并且可以在改变干衣服时发挥积极作用。您应该遵守您的服务或计划的政策，即在便携式培训时应该佩戴哪些衣服，并务必让您的员工与这些政策有关这些政策的员工沟通。

Families and staff should agree on the appropriate words to use. Most programs use the accepted names of bodily functions and body parts (bowel movement, urine, etc.). Discussion is needed with families so that the same words are used if possible by the families and your staff.

Expectations align when communication remains open and all members of the team are ready and work together. Appropriate praise and positive reinforcement by staff is important in encouraging children to transition to potty use. Being specific in the praise ("You stayed dry," "You went in the potty all by yourself!") helps keep the feedback specific and authentic.

尿布和厕所是学习的时间yabo电子游艺

尿布和厕所是一个有机会从事培养支持所有发展领域的互动;这比照顾孩子的身体需求。尿布和厕所，婴儿和幼儿：

• 学习学龄前所需的自助技能。亚慱彩票
• 通过在常规护理期间与员工倾听和语言化（共轭，唠叨，谈话）来获得语言和沟通技巧。
• 当他们有用时，培养能力感。
• 练习小而大的肌肉技能，包括抓住裤子，向下推动并在厕所期间向上拉，并在尿布期间握住腿部并返回坐姿。
• 向工作人员培养他们的情感依恋，这有助于他们感到安全并支持他们的发展和学习。yabo电子游艺

文件的重要性

录制婴儿和幼儿在营腾或使用时，浴室是员工及其家庭的重要信息。这些婴儿的这些身体函数的变化可能是一个错误的迹象，所以需要解决的问题。对于幼儿，文件可以识别厕所模式时，文档有助于培训。立即记录尿布和厕所记录非常重要。如果工作人员推迟文件，可能会出现一些事情，他们将不得不依赖他们的记忆而不是准确地录制。

支持适当的便携式训练和厕所卫生的管理实践

下面的图表总结了您在确保满足您服务对便携式培训的要求时的关键职责。

管理实践		员工实践
I should always…	确保	工作人员永远不会......
Make certain that staff are trained on our Service's requirements and best practices for potty training		未遵循适当的尿布和便盆培训程序 Start the potty training process without first meeting with the family to discuss readiness, expectations and term agreement Pressure families or children to use the potty before they are ready Stigmatize families or children who delay potty training due to cultural beliefs 忘记跟踪进度并使每天进展到家庭
Provide the equipment and supplies staff need for potty training		由于缺乏用品，饲养适当的尿布或厕所程序
Keep family and staff handbooks up to date about our program's philosophy when it comes to potty training		在涉及便携式训练时未能遵循我们的计划的政策和哲学
确保员工培训如何适当地响应厕所事故		对孩子的厕所事故进行无敏感，或者没有用适当的卫生程序解决事故
Conduct program walk-throughs in restroom or changing areas, and/or provide checklist, supplies and other tools to assure toileting and changing areas are kept clean		Leave restrooms or changing areas in unsanitary conditions 未能拥有所需的材料来维护卫生厕所和尿布实践