知道

“The wider the range of possibilities we offer children, the more intense will be their motivations and the richer their experiences.”- Loris Malaguzzi.

您的计划的价值观，使命和哲学是您和员工如何与儿童，家庭和同事互动的基础。知识渊博，训练有素的专业人员为建立支持积极指导的气候奠定了基础。

当我们考虑积极的指导措施时，我们可以参考金字塔模型（http://csefel.vanderbilt.edu/）为了说明儿童和青年的积极行为支持的高质量方法的组成部分。

金字塔模型是儿童开发和青年计划如何让基础支持儿童积极行为的图表表示。已发现本基于证据的模型是指导早期护理和教育专业人员在规划环境战略，社会和情感教学以及儿童的个性化行为改变方案方面的有效工具。金字塔模型广泛用于许多早期护理和教育计划。观看以下简短的视频演示来了解金字塔模型：

https://youtu.be/A_byPfNPkKM

金字塔组件促进积极指导

作为经理和计划领导者，您可以在专业开发活动中和与员工的反思监督会议中使用此模型。金字塔的每个部分都有助于员工，儿童和家庭的积极计划气候。训练有素的工作人员至关重要，以便有效地使用积极的指导技术。对于许多工作人员来说，积极的指导措施可能是与儿童互动的新方法。您的支持对于工作人员至关重要，以满足新的思考和与儿童互动的新方法，即使儿童参与挑战性行为，即使儿童也在建立积极关系。

Yellow: Effective Workforce (Systems and policies promote and sustain the use of evidence-based practices .)

Your personal and professional support for staff helps them engage in positive guidance practices. Individual goal setting and professional growth plans are critical to creating a program climate that values ongoing, lifelong learning. As a manager, you are an essential resource as you provide staff with the support they need to bring up any concerns or questions about how to address children’s mistaken behaviors. Your use of reflective supervision with staff creates a supportive climate where staff members feel heard and comfortable with sharing ideas and trying new strategies. You contribute to building an effective workforce by:

• 承认工作人员以获得杰出贡献
• 支持员工，因为他们了解与儿童，青年和家庭合作的新战略
• Holding yourself and your staff accountable for articulating and practicing program policies
• 使用数据来指示需要或更改和规划行动以满足这些需求的领域

Blue: Nurturing and Responsive Relationships (Supportive, responsive relationships among adults and children is an essential component to promote healthy social emotional development.)

To create nurturing and responsive relationships, you must build individual relationships with children, staff, and families. Being available during pick up and drop off to talk with families or drop in on youth games keeps you involved in daily interactions. Continuity of care and assigning primary care providers promotes warm, ongoing relationships among staff and families. When staff and families feel acknowledged and valued by you, they will in turn be more resilient when interacting with the children. Staff members will view you as an ally in their work with children. The trust they feel from you can support them as they engage in problem solving and teaching children “what to do” instead of focusing on who holds power over the child. You may contribute to nurturing and responsive relationships by:

• 举行庆祝活动并承认员工，儿童和家庭生活中的积极活动
• Speaking positively and with enthusiasm about children, staff, and families
• Welcoming culturally, linguistically, and ability diverse children and their families; providing materials in the home language in print and on the web site
• 通过询问他们的孩子的兴趣，他们的护理措施，惯例和偏好来参与该计划的家庭

Blue: High Quality Supportive Environments (High quality early childhood environments promote positive outcomes for all children.)

The physical environment of classrooms, offices, lounges, and storage and outdoor spaces is a major component of ensuring a high-quality program. The program environment can influence the use of positive guidance practices. When children feel safe and secure, and have meaningful activities that engage them, they are less likely to engaging in challenging behaviors. As the manager, you are trusted to ensure that the program environments are safe and secure for children, staff, and families. You offer information about how to obtain necessary resources, materials, and equipment to ensure high-quality environments in which staff can engage in nurturing relationships with children and families. Environmental quality includes your oversight of all program spaces (e.g., organized family corner, clear and welcoming paths into and out of the center, attractive working outdoor play and recreation equipment, indoor appropriately sized furnishings, teacher technology equipment and current software, clean and organized staff lounge and work rooms).

有几种优秀的商用评估工具可以帮助您和您的员工客观地评估您的程序环境，并帮助您为提高程序质量设定目标。在美国的不同地区提供培训。您可能希望与您的主管与如何获取培训进行交谈。

以下每个环境评估工具都侧重于特定年龄范围。

• 婴儿幼儿评定量表（erats-r）https://fpg.unc.edu/publications/infanttoddler-environment-rating-scale-revised-edition-iters-r
• 幼儿环境评定量表（ECERS-R）https://ers.fpg.unc.edu/scales-early-childhood-environment-rating-scale-third-edition
• School-Age Care Environment Rating Scale (SACERS-U)https://ers.fpg.unc.edu/school-age-care-environment-rating-scale%c2%ae-updated-edition-sacers-u%e2%84%A2

如果您的计划采用了特定的课程，则可能存在与该特定课程模型的组件相关的评级规模（例如，高范围或创意课程）。

程序评级尺度和评估环境的其他工具意味着是对话启动器。它们提供了客观信息，这些信息是基于证据和可靠的。然后，该信息可以用来与员工，培训师和教练以及社区成员有意义的对话，以及程序成功做些什么，以及有改进的空间。节目评级秤也帮助您作为经理了解工作人员需要成功的资源。

积极的儿童指导：环境的作用

Green: Targeted Social Emotional Supports (Systematic approaches to teaching social skills can have a preventive and remedial effect.)

许多幼儿从事挑战性行为，因为他们没有教过适当的社交技能。作为方案经理，您将在有意地教授儿童适当的社交技能方面的员工。这些技能包括共享，转向妥善努力，表达情绪，采取另一个人的观点，并使用单词和其他通信策略来解决冲突。

There are some excellent social skills training curricula that you should learn about and perhaps adopt as part of your program’s curricula. This is a short list of widely adopted social skills curricula:

• 早期学习的第二步技能yabo电子游艺https://www.secondstep.org/early-learning-curriculum
• 在K-5中的社会和学术成功的第二步技能https://www.secondstep.org/elementary-school-curriculum.
• 令人难以置信的岁月http://incredibleyears.com/programs/Child/

You can obtain more information about a variety of evidence-based social-emotional curricula and behavior interventions in Powell and Dunlap’s循证社会情绪课程和0-5岁及其家人的儿童的干预包。

As you interact with staff and families, think critically about your own intentional interactions. As the program leader, everyone looks to you for guidance on providing information and feedback to others. Carefully plan what you will say if you have to deliver some difficult information to a staff member or parent. Your modeling of positive interactions will reinforce the relationship-based climate you want to promote within your program.

红色：密集和个性化干预（基于评估的干预，导致个性化行为支持）

You will find that some children will need intensive individualized intervention to address their challenging behaviors. Some staff will require a great deal of support to determine the meaning behind children’s challenging behaviors and to choose appropriate responses to that behavior.

傅(或评估行为,确定意义nction) behind that behavior, and planning appropriate responses is a team effort. You cannot create an intensive behavior plan for a child without using a team approach by including the child’s family.

作为计划经理，您需要创建一个员工的系统，以便在担心孩子的挑战行为时使用。工作人员需要有关如何观察和记录有关挑战行为的信息的培训和指导，以便他们可以提供客观，基于数据的儿童行为的描述。您还需要成为敏锐的观察者和行为录像机，因为您是规划行为支持的重要参与者。您在与员工合作中发挥着重要作用，以规划有意义的专业发展，使他们能够从事记录，理解和解决具有挑战性的行为。在这个课程中Supporting Infants and Toddlers with Challenging Behavior学activity, you will read about a manager who used the Pyramid Model to support her staff.

Supervise & Support

专业发展的重要性

To effectively supervise staff to use positive guidance practices, you will need to feel comfortable and adept at them yourself. There are several activities you can do to prepare yourself in order to promote positive guidance practices:

• Receive training in the components of the Pyramid Model so you can supervise staff and assist them in implementing recommended practices in child guidance.
• Receive training on one or more of the environmental assessment tools. These tools can then be used to open a discussion with staff and families about how to improve the program environment.
• Plan and implement reflective supervision so that you are able to listen and respond to staff needs and concerns. Provide staff with written feedback and work with each staff member to develop personal goals that will improve their knowledge about environmental arrangement, teaching intentional social skills, and working as a team member to address intensive, persistent challenging behavior.

用于促进幼儿社会情感能力的金字塔模型的基础是effective workforce。没有有效劳动力的基础，该模型的其余部分将不存在。作为程序经理，您负责确保在程序中连续发生质量改进。您将通过为自己参与培训机会，确保您的员工有机会获得高质量专业发展的机会。

Supporting Staff: The Importance of Professional Development

Supervision Cycle

反光监管周期是经理支持持续计划改进的最佳工具。对员工的评估是一项定期和计划的活动。根据他们的需求和与儿童的经验，工作人员需要不同的监督水平。所有工作人员都应该在观察到，以及他们将如何参与反思监督程序。作为有效劳动力的一部分，您也需要提高您在促进员工之间积极指导实践的知识和技能。为您提供更多关于积极指导实践，社交技能课程和与员工的环yabo电子游艺境评估的更多目标将展示您愿意体育的愿意。