Introduction

When you and your staff utilize family-centered practices, relationships deepen and families become more engaged. Engagement with your program strengthens family functioning, as well as the developmental outcomes of their children. Through your actions and interactions, you promote protective factors by providing opportunities for families to promote better outcomes for their children, become more resilient in handling day-to-day challenges, and empowering them to fulfill their potential both individually and collectively.

Strengths-Based Approach

Utilizing a strengths-based approach means valuing the unique assets of each family and building on their strengths instead of focusing on their deficits. Encouraging your staff to focus on the positives rather that the negatives and looking for the “cans” instead of the “cannots” empowers families. A strengths-based approach strengthens families’ parenting competencies which are essential for healthy child and youth development.

社会政策研究中心制定了加强家庭保护因素框架。保护因素最初是作为防止虐待和忽视儿童的框架而设计的，它可以成为处理你与家庭所有工作的有用方法。理解这个框架是很重要的，因为它可以帮助你看到你每天在项目中所做的高质量的、以家庭为中心的工作对孩子和家庭的生活产生了影响。我们的工作不仅是照顾每个孩子，而且还要照顾和支持整个家庭。加强家庭保护因素框架为我们提供了支持家庭的工具和想法。

Competent Parents

能力,无论是做饭或使用计算机oftware, is developed over time and accompanied with trepidation. Parenting is no different. No amount of preparation can reduce the fear, anxiety or sheer magnitude of responsibility that accompanies the birth of a child. The most important aspect of parenting that has lifelong implications is the relationship between parents and their children. Positive parent-and-child relationships lead to better outcomes for children. You and your staff support the competency of parents through ongoing engagement and education.

Parent-Child Relationships

我们被育儿的方式形成了我们是谁，它可以影响我们将如何养育孩子。我们父母的关系和记忆，无论是积极还是消极，都会影响我们的亲子关系。所有父母都需要不时的支持，但对患有负面童年经历的父母来说尤为重要。他们需要支持构建他们的优势而不是他们的弱点。随着童年的人们的不断变化习惯可能是非常困难的，即使在制造变化时，旧习惯也可以回归，特别是在压力时期。重要的是，您可以帮助您的员工了解父母可能因他们收到的所有建议而淹没，因此提供非威胁方式的信息是更好的方法。

Parents interact with you and your staff, as well as with other parents, every day. These interactions provide many teachable moments. Tone of voice and intentional word choices and phrasing all convey messages that support positive parenting practices. When parents hear your staff or other parents speak in a pleasant tone and use phrases that work with children, they begin to do the same. When parents hear teachers use positive statements like “use your words,” they can use that phrase instead of a negative statement like “don’t hit your sister.” When parents hear other parents give their children choices instead of ultimatums, they might do the same. Parents can learn a lot from the day-to-day modeling they see from your staff and other parents.

Parents need information about child development and developmental milestones. Understanding what to expect can help parents adapt their parenting practices as the needs of their children change. Understanding behavioral expectations and appropriate strategies for handling them is information all parents need in order to avoid using discipline strategies that can be ineffective and harmful. In addition to classes on child development, you can include classes on topics with which families identify. These classes should provide a working knowledge of the topic, concrete strategies for addressing the concern, and an opportunity to share successes and challenges. When parents hear others express the same concerns or frustrations, this camaraderie can help ease the isolation and stress that comes with parenting.

School Success

当你和你的员工为家庭成员提供机会，让他们了解孩子的发展和教育时，你就是在支持他们作为孩子的头号倡导者的角色。儿童和青年需要家庭参与他们的教育。当家庭参与时，孩子的教育效果更好。在许多情况下，家长第一次参与学校的是你的课程；参与你的项目为将来的参与打下了基础。

当你的员工鼓励家庭参与课堂活动时，家庭成员会感觉到更多的联系。与孩子一起学习和玩耍是一种赋权。他们开始了解自己的孩子作为学习者，这些知识帮助他们了解他们的孩子应该知道什么，并能够在每个年龄。通过志愿服务和参与孩子的课堂，家庭可yabo电子游艺以亲眼看到孩子的进步。他们还可以观察教师用来支持孩子发展和学习的策略。当涉及到支持学习目标、处理具有挑战性的行为或解决潜在的学习困难时，这些第一手的知识是非常有价值的。参与课堂教学可以消除许多家长在家长会上第一次听到担忧时所感到的惊讶，缓解被要求参与个人教育计划时的恐惧，并缓解有行为担忧时的不适。在课堂上的参与让家庭为这些以及其他潜在的不舒服的教育经历做好准备。

It’s important for your staff to understand that engagement can take many forms and the level of engagement can vary. If a family doesn’t get involved, it doesn’t mean they don’t care. There are many reasons why families may not get involved. Parents come to your program with memories of their own school experiences. If those experiences were negative, they may transfer those feelings to your program and be hesitant to get involved. A little coaxing on the part of your staff can help them feel more at ease. Asking them to share something they are passionate about or have expertise in with the class can be a good first step. A few positive experiences at your program can help erase the negative feelings they associate with school.

Another impediment to getting involved for families is time. Everyone is busy and the best-laid plans can go astray with competing priorities and demands. To accommodate busy lifestyles, offer families ways to be involved at home, such as making scrapbooks for the classroom or organizing a clean- up day for the program. When offered a variety of opportunities for involvement, families can choose the level of engagement that is best for them.

有能力的问题解决者

参与支持家庭与孩子的关系、他们对教育期望的理解以及他们成为更熟练的问题解决者的能力。解决问题的技能有助于家庭变得更有弹性和足智多谋，从而增强家庭功能，并为孩子的成长和繁荣昌盛提供稳定的基础。

While you can’t eliminate stress completely, you can provide opportunities for families to sharpen their problem-solving skills. These skills are developed over time and require practice. Good problem solvers gather information, weigh their options, create a plan, assess their efforts and make adjustments or ask for additional support, if necessary. These skills help you take control of adverse situations and draw on personal strengths to find solutions.

Participating in various group activities at your program strengthens the problem-solving skills of families. These activities can be formal or informal, such as your program’s parent advisory board, or other ad-hoc work groups, such as the redesign of a playground. It is important for your program provide multiple opportunities for families to work collaboratively to make decisions and find solutions. Connecting with others around a common concern or goal mobilizes the collective spirit, deepens relationships, and fulfils a sense of purpose. It is human nature to want to belong and to make a difference. There is no better place for families to experience a sense of belonging and the capability to make a difference than at your program.

总而言之

Opportunities to collaboratively participate in problem-solving activities at your program give families the experience they need in order to bounce back from life’s everyday challenges. When challenges are seen as obstacles that can be overcome, a feeling of optimism and competence is created. The more competent families feel, the more resilient they will become. Resilient parents raise resilient children and youth.

Your program strengthens the parenting and problem-solving skills of families by:

• 与家庭建立并维持相互尊重和信任的关系
• Modeling effective strategies parents can use with their children
• Utilizing the environment to support the development of social connections among families and staff
• 征求家庭对培训主题、工作组和活动的意见；在制定年度家长参与计划时使用这些信息
• Creating a parent participation plan that offers both formal and informal activities that are classroom specific and program wide; this information should be included in your enrollment packets and family handbook and distributed throughout your program
• Providing professional development for staff on utilizing a strengths-based approach with families
• Providing leadership seminars for families on topics such as team building, shared decision making, and advocacy
• 使用反思监督在与家庭的持续工作中支持员工
• Ensuring that the information on parent-information boards in every classroom is current, relevant, and aesthetically pleasing
• 鼓励家庭参与；提供多种最适合他们需求的方式