Introduction

What are Your Views about Families?

当你想到“家庭”这个词时对你意味着什么？谁弥补了你的家人？你在一起做什么样的事情？你在家里玩什么职位？每个家庭都是不同的，重要的是要对构成一个家庭的内容来保持开放的头脑。每个人以他或她自己的方式定义家庭。

家庭的意思

Every family is different and it is important to keep an open mind about what makes up a family. Each person defines family in his or her own way. For some, family may represent those individuals living in the same home (under one roof). For others, family may the infant or toddler’s parents and all of the important adults who help care for the young child, such as grandparents, aunt, uncle, neighbor, or best friend. Family is consistent in the infant or toddler’s life and it is the most important source of information about the child.

The U.S. Census Bureau defines家庭作为一群由出生，婚姻或采用相关的两个或更多人，谁住在一起。全国幼儿教育协会表明“这个词”家庭may include those adults, besides parents, with the responsibility of being involved in educating, nurturing, and advocating for the child.” Researchers studying and working with families define家庭作为“将自己视为一个家庭的两个或两个以上的人，以及履行家庭通常表现的职能。这些人可能或可能与血液或婚姻有关，也可能与否或可能不会居住在一起“（Turnbull，Turnbull，Erwin，＆Soodak，2006，第7页）。支持家庭的团体和组织，甚至这些组织收集数据来支持家庭，并不总是一定要同意构成一个家庭的内容。对于一个人来说，一个家庭可以包括一个不与婚姻，采用或生物学相关的亲密朋友。对于另一个人来说，一个家庭可以成为一个已婚夫妇，居住在一起。

家庭是儿童生活的核心。特别是当涉及幼儿时，家庭呈现严重影响儿童福祉和发展的关键作用。结果，您和您的员工欣赏和理解儿童家庭至关重要。

Through your leadership, you create an environment in which families are valued partners in the care and education of their children. In fact, your program only exists because of families; without them, there would be no program. It only stands to reason that families must be valued. However, families are not valued simply because you and your staff say they are. They are valued as a result of what you and your staff do each and every day.

当我们谈论鼓励家庭的福祉时，返回和思考家庭结构的变化动态有助于。作为婚姻，合作和分娩之间的协会在过去五代发生了变化，家庭结构通过同性恋夫妇家庭，具有共同监护权的家庭变得更加多么多样化或多样化，议员有不同移民身份的家庭以及其中的家庭父母有多个合作伙伴的孩子。今天，40％的孩子现在出生于未婚父母。请注意，各种各样的家庭结构中的一些班次对家庭并不总是挑战，但家庭复杂性有时与父母未婚伙伴的虐待风险有更多的关联，从非居民父母和其他因素中不太关注。像'家庭的概念一样，家庭幸福的概念也在挑战定义。在您在程序中看到它时，您可能会认出它。或者您可能会识别家庭何时缺乏家庭福祉的某些方面。当您想到如何最好地与家庭和模型与员工一起互动，考虑您的计划在加强计划家庭保护因素方面的作用。与积极家庭运作相对应的许多行为可以“教授和加强教育”。 (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2019, p. 42).

今天的家庭如何看待？介绍以家庭为中心的练习

Because families are central to their children’s development, particularly during the early-childhood years, they are partners, active participants, and decision makers in their children’s education (Dunst, 2002; Dunst, Trivette, & Hamby, 2008; Trivette & Dunst, 2005). As a result,以科素为本被认为是幼儿教育，计划和服务中的质量指标之一（Hanson＆Lynch，2004）。在核心以科素为本是信仰家庭是孩子生命中最重要的决策者。专业人士必须尊重，支持和提升每个家庭的优势和独特特征。

Families know their children best and want the best for them. When it comes to their children, they are the experts. The chart below identifies the family-centered practices that show respect as you and your staff support families in their role.

信仰	行动
家庭是孩子生命中最重要的决策者。	我们了解家庭的想法和偏好。 我们在编程中提供选择。 我们涉及计划领导的家庭。 We involve families in decision-making.
Families are unique and their differences enrich our programs.	We honor and respect diversity. We involve all the important people in a child’s life. 我们聘请并涉及家庭。 We develop responsive and reciprocal relationships. We represent families in our programs.
Families are resilient.	我们了解家庭的优势，需求和环境。 We connect families with resources. 我们建立家庭的优势。
Families are central to development and learning.	我们与家庭分享信息。 我们听家人。 我们将家人视为孩子的第一任教师。 We respect families' expertise about their child.
家庭是我们的合作伙伴。	We use respectful, responsive, and two-way communication. 我们接触家庭。 我们涉及我们计划的各个方面的家庭。

环保实践促进能力，一致性和连续性。当家庭在父母的角色中感受到职位时，支持儿童的发展和学习yabo电子游艺。您和您的员工支持家庭能力，因为合作和共享决策的技能加强。儿童和青年知道，当在家里的事情和他们在您的程序完成的方式之间存在一致性和可预测性时，有什么期望和感觉更舒适。一致性让每个人都在同一页面上并加强家庭学校连接，这对儿童，青年和每个关心他们的每个人都有良好的。当征求家庭的偏好并纳入日常生活时，您和您的员工支持一致。此外，连续性对儿童和青年很重要，特别是在危机时期，因为它最大限度地减少了可能影响其发展和学习的中断。yabo电子游艺您和您的员工通过建立支持网络，以在需要时联系围绕家庭的支持。

Honoring Diversity in Your Program

Respecting the families your program serves is at the heart of the work you and your staff do every day. Families are unique. Their structures, beliefs, and parenting practices are shaped by their own experiences and can be very different than those held by you or your staff. Being part of a responsive program means that you demonstrate sensitivity and consideration for the diverse backgrounds, experiences, values, and contexts in which children and families live. Honoring those differences is essential as you build relationships and engage families in meaningful ways to promote positive outcomes for everyone.

Families come in all different shapes and sizes, and our diversity should unite us rather than divide us. Responsive managers demonstrate sensitivity and consideration for the multiple backgrounds, experiences, values, and contexts in which children and families live. Awareness of diversity brings with it the realization that the way we act and what we believe in can be different from the way other people act and what other people believe in.

Responsive managers avoid making assumptions about groups of people and the way they act or think. While it is important to acknowledge differences之间各种人群，识别群体内差异也很重要。虽然来自特定地理区域或具有特定文化遗产的人可能存在通常共享的特征，价值和属性，但在同一组中，在同一群体方面仍有相当大的变化或做事的方式。在育儿实践方面尤其明显。

尊重育儿风格中的多样性与其他类型的差异一样重要。育儿实践受到无数因素的影响。那些与家人合作的人必须对不同的实践敏感，这些实践与他们是育儿方式的不同或他们父母的父母。谈到育儿时，没有正确的方式或错误的方式，每个人都必须遵循;只有家庭的方式。家庭和员工希望儿童和青年的同样的事情 - 成长为健康，快乐，成功。有时，工作人员和家庭有不同的方法和期望，以实现他们的孩子的这些目标，有时可以导致误解和冲突。

Embracing diversity in your work with families and staff will not happen overnight. It is a long process in which people from various backgrounds are challenged to face and understand different points of view, accept new or unfamiliar ways of doing things, and ultimately work together toward a common goal. It is important to understand that this is a合作过程;就像你可能觉得挑战或困惑,家人ilies may feel the same. As researchers in the field of family and diversity remind us, “the challenge is not so much for service providers to give up their own beliefs as it is to cultivate a habit of learning to understand and respect those of others” (Harry, Rueda & Kalyanpur, 1999).

Model

您有责任建立关于家庭在方案中的参与的期望。这些预期应在员工和家庭手册中明确奠定，在新员工和家庭的方向期间分享，并在员工会议期间加强。必须解决未满足的期望。在大多数情况下，没有一些干预措施，这些类型的问题不会得到解决。

您和您的计划可以每天模拟居住环保的练习。您可能是第一个职员模型，工作人员的职位，因此您在整个计划中展示了积极，家庭为中心的方法至关重要。您可以成为帮助构建和维护跨教室和程序的家庭参与的桥梁。例如，您可以在儿童跨年龄组和建筑物过渡时支持家庭和工作人员。想想哪些工作人员和其他成年人学习观看你的互动：

What a staff member sees:	What a staff member learns:	家庭成员学会是什么：
The manager greets families by name as they arrive.	每个家庭都很有价值，这是一个友好的地方。	我在这里受到尊重。
经理迎接一位家庭成员，他意外地到来，和他一起去教室拜访他的儿子。	Families are always welcome.	我很欢迎。
The manager sends thank-you notes to families who volunteered at the Family Movie Night.	这里受到赞赏。	I have important things to contribute.
The manager asks a parent if she has had time to fill out the family survey. The T&C reminds her of where and when she can return it.	从家庭获取输入是一个优先事项。	我的声音在这里听到，人们关心我要说的话。
经理鼓励一个家庭参加母公司咨询委员会会议。	家庭是合作伙伴。	我可以成为这里的领导者。
经理参加社区活动或对家庭传统感兴趣。	我们都是同一社区的一部分。	My child’s program is a part of my community.

现在想想对家庭的一些不同行为。工作人员可能会从这些行为中学习什么？

• 当一名工作人员抱怨一个家庭时，经理仍然沉默。
• 经理关注的文书工作,忽略了family as they walk down the hall.
• A manager discourages a family from checking on their child during the day.
• 经理鼓励工作人员在不评估家庭利益的情况下计划家长教育活动。
• A manager joins in gossip about a family in the program.
• A manager reassures a staff member that an angry parent will be fine and says they “complain all the time just to hear their own voice.”

您有责任模拟并将基调设置为节目中的家庭。与计划人员合作，确保建立与家庭合作的明确期望。这些预期应在员工和家庭手册中明确奠定，在新员工和家庭的方向期间分享，并在员工会议期间加强。以科素为中心的期望包括：

• 家庭总是受欢迎;他们不需要邀请
• Families are the experts when it comes to their children and you and staff should value their opinions
• Families provide valuable input for continuous improvement
• Families need to know everything regarding their child; they are not on a need-to-know basis
• 家庭是决策者;不仅仅是信息来源
• 家庭需要不同程度的参与;缺乏参与并不意味着他们不在乎
• Families may not be able to ask for what they need; we may need to ask them

In Summary

作为该计划的经理，您可以在尊重家庭时设置音调和期望。如果您希望您的员工展示对家庭的尊重，您必须在所有互动中做同样的事情。工作人员从你那里提示。当你时，你支持你的员工的员工：

• 模型尊重的关系。
• Acknowledge and value diversity.
• Encourage staff to reflect on their personal values, experiences, ethics and biases and how these affect their work with families.
• 征求家庭的偏好，在孩子的照顾和目标中。
• 鼓励家庭和员工之间的双向沟通​​。
• 促进家庭与员工之间的积极互动。
• 利用正式和非正式的通信方法。
• Provide an emotionally safe place for families and staff to share their feelings.
• Create an environment that is welcoming and supportive of interaction.
• 向家庭询问他们的意见和反馈。
• 为支持关系的主题提供持续的专业开发。

Completing this Course

有关本课程中的预期和随附的学习，探索和应用资源和在整个课程中的活动的更多信息，请访问管理家庭参与课程指南。

为了支持您监督的直接护理工作人员或家庭儿童护理提供商的专业发展，您可以访问相应的课程指南：亚慱彩票APP

• 婴儿和蹒跚学步家庭订婚课程指南
• 亚慱彩票学龄前家庭参与课程指南
• School-Age Family Engagement课程指南
• 亚慱彩票APP家庭儿童关怀家庭订婚课程指南