安全设施的关键是监控。但是，你不能始终在所有地方。不可能自己监控整个设施。本课程旨在帮助您了解您的设施是如何设计的，以防止儿童虐待和忽视。然后，它将向您介绍通过闭路电视监控系统和监视您的程序的滥用和忽视。

How is Your Facility Designed to Keep Children Safe?

注意：本节已密切调整在国防部，军事儿童和青年计划的家庭政策办公室的两个来源，并根据统一设施标准（UFC 4-740-14）进行交叉引用和更新）:

• Koralek，D. G.（1993年11月）。防止父亲滥用和忽视中心设置。华盛顿特区：教学策略，Inc。国防部合同系列#MDA 903-91-M-6715家庭政策支持和服务办公室，国防部长办公室。
• Koralek，D. G.（1994）预防儿童虐待和忽视：青年计划人员的培训模块。双H制作。国防部合同＃DAE08-94-5011。

儿童发展和学龄计划在许多不同类型的设施中运作。您的计划可能在专用的儿童开发中心内运营，在经过翻新的小学，社区中心或各种其他环境中。无论平面图还是设计要素，所有计划都分享了保护儿童免受伤害的几个关键特征。这些功能始终始终促进可见性并始终启用对儿童的主动监督（根据您的设施的年龄和设计，可能没有这些功能）：

在CDC中：

• 门口有窗户，所有房间和用于照顾儿童的区域（成人和学龄厕所房），允许在房间外面观看房间的活动。
• There are vision panels between activity rooms and hallways to provide visual access.
• Doors on toilet stalls are removed, except for toilets used by children over age 5 and adults; or there are half walls that allow line of sight supervision for children under age 5.
• 厕所围绕的墙壁摊位在正常高度的一半，如果可能的话，允许更好地查看卫生间。
• 存储区域的设计使门上的硬件可在两侧操作。壁橱上的门可以在没有钥匙的情况下从内部打开。这可以防止孩子锁定在壁橱或存储区域中。在某些服务中，所有存储区域的门都需要视觉面板。
• 没有窗帘或百叶窗，妨碍孩子接受小心或某人可能带孩子的地区的地区。Art work is not hung on windows.
• There are sinks for handwashing in activity rooms rather than in toilet areas so children can be observed more easily.
• Diapering areas are separated from activity rooms by either half walls or walls with glass. Ideally, buildings are constructed with no walls between diapering areas and activity rooms to increase visibility of caregivers and children during diapering.
• 婴儿床或睡眠区位于活动室。如果建筑物的设计防止这种布置，婴儿床或睡眠区域与玻璃的半壁或墙壁分离出活动室。
• 安装凹面镜，在需要提高可见性时。
• 用于晚间护理的客房位于前门附近，所以工作人员和家长均可轻松进入。
• Outdoor play areas are constructed so all parts can be viewed from inside the center and from outside the playground fencing. There are windows in the walls between activity rooms and outdoor play areas to permit viewing of both areas.
• 从主楼可见到存储区域的门，因此可以通过游乐场上的成人视觉监测它们。
• 建造阁楼和娱乐房屋等游戏结构，以便在结构中播放时可以看到儿童。
• 闭路电视（CCTV）系统安装，正常工作，并允许员工，经理，T＆CS和家庭监控计划活动。

In School-Age programs:

• All program areas (rooms, hallways, parking lots, and outdoors spaces) are well-lit and visibility is good enough that staff members can supervise all spaces easily.
• 存储区域的设计使门上的硬件可在两侧操作。壁橱上的门可以在没有钥匙的情况下从内部打开。这可以防止孩子锁定在壁橱或存储区域中。在某些服务中，所有存储区域的门都需要视觉面板。这可以防止孩子互相进入不安全的空间或意味着伤害的成年人。
• Closed circuit television systems are installed, working properly, and allow staff members, managers, T&Cs, and families to monitor program activities.
• 没有窗帘或百叶窗，妨碍孩子接受小心或某人可能带孩子的地区的地区。
• Concave mirrors are installed where needed to improve visibility around corners or into difficult-to-see spaces.
• Doors to outdoor storage areas are visible from the main building so they can be visually monitored by adults other than those on the playground.

Using Closed Circuit Television

Closed circuit television surveillance cameras can be a powerful tool in preventing child abuse and neglect. These cameras not only deter staff from inappropriate behavior, but they also can help protect staff from false allegations of child abuse or neglect. Despite the benefits, the use of video in programs introduces other potential risks related to privacy. It is important to comply with all regulations related to the use of closed circuit television while mitigating risks to the privacy of children, families, and staff. YourMILinstallationPUBLICprogram's可能具有与使用闭路电视监控系统相关的具体指导。了解您的工作地点是否有具体说明或备忘录（例如：http://mccscherrypoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/ClosedCircuitTV.pdf)

There are several topics you must consider to maximize your use of closed circuit television surveillance systems:

• 记录和定期监控视频：如果没有一个视图输出，闭路电视系统是无用的。确保视频监视器安装在管理团队可以实时观看镜头或从录制中轻松观看镜头的位置。取决于您的MILService’sPUBLICprogram's政策，请求查看他们孩子教室的家庭应该可以访问该位置。
• Sharing video: No footage should ever be shared with anyone outside of the organization unless specifically ordered to do so as part of an investigation. Ask about yourMIL安装PUBLICprogram's与（a）实时查看录音有关的政策，（b）录像以前在教室中录制的镜头。MIL在某些情况下，记录的素材被视为政府专用的财产。录制的素材可能只能通过信息法令请求的自由来访问家庭或其他个人。在这种情况下，您需要在准备或遵守请求时进行具体步骤。
• Destroying video: Learn yourMIL安装PUBLICprogram'spolicies for storing and destroying video. For example, on some installations video is maintained for 30 days and then destroyed. Video is only retained longer than 30 days if management becomes aware of circumstances (a claim or litigation) that might be impacted by the footage.MILThis might vary across Services and installations, so check with leadership on your installation. If your installationPUBLIC如果你的程序在此主题上没有策略，您可以在“应用”部分中找到一个示例。

限制访问

儿童发展和学龄儿童是繁忙的地方。需要一个大团队来保持程序运行。您的设施旨在确保只有授权的人进入建筑物。根据Koralek的防止儿童滥用和忽视中心设置（1993）的指南，设计功能包括：

• The reception desk is located so that the entrance can be viewed by reception desk staff.
• 在所有出口门上有警报，除了主入口和厨房外部入口外，不向围栏区域开放。
• One central entrance area serves all wings or modules. This reduces the number of ways to enter or exit the building.
• 主要入口处的系统，例如蜂鸣器系统，在夜间限制在建筑物的入口时，只有几名护理员工值班。

Those strategies simply help you control who enters the doors. How do you ensure that children are safe in the presence of authorized individuals? How do you ensure that those individuals share your mission to keep children safe? For individuals like regular teen and adult volunteers, contractors (e.g., someone contracted to teach a language class), nurses, and food service personnel, the answer is relatively simple. You must conduct standard background checks and provide adequate supervision.

对于像维护和送货人员这样的个人，答案有点复杂。这些人可能是您的计划不常见或一次性访客。但是，他们可能可以访问有孩子的建筑物的部分。为确保儿童的安全性，您必须随时控制访问和监控访客。强制执行您的程序登录和注销程序。定期与访客办理登机手续。一如既往，确保员工使用积极的监督策略来监测儿童和青年。当未熟悉的成年人在建筑物中工作时，员工应该调整他们的监督，让孩子保持安全。例如，如果在学龄计划活动室进行维护，则房间可能会对儿童或工作人员始终留在房间。

如果您的程序共存在另一个程序中请记住，虐待儿童不仅发生在成年人手中。年龄较大的孩子或青少年也可以针对年轻的孩子。在这些情况下，员工监督和“通过走动管理”批判性重要。Make sure staff members are aware of the risks and your expectations: develop written plans for supervising areas or groups of children, develop and communicate boundaries within the program (i.e., where are children and teens supposed to be and at what times), and move around the building frequently to make sure all plans are in place. Finally, educate the children about safety within the program. At the most basic level, teach children where they are allowed to go and when. Work with staff members and local agencies to develop curricula or teaching strategies related to personal safety. Topics might include being aware of your environment, recognizing risky situations, responding to risky situations, and finding an adult when you feel unsafe.