防止虐待和忽视儿童的计划实践

在虚拟实验室学yabo11vip校，我们采访了一些关于他们在儿童发展和学龄计划的经验的家庭。当被问及他们为孩子选择特别照顾的原因时，第一个答案通常是“安全”。家庭想知道他们的孩子在你的照顾中是安全的。在本课程中，您将了解可以帮助您和家人在您的计划中安全地确信的程序实践。这些包括监督员工，监督儿童，执行开放式政策，并管理录取和释放儿童。

Formal and Informal Supervision: Management by Walking Around

You have two responsibilities related to supervising staff. First, you must perform formal supervision duties. This includes observation and performance evaluation. There are many benefits of formal supervision, and it is beyond the scope of this lesson to discuss all the policies and procedures related to this topic. As it relates to child abuse and neglect, however, managers should know one important drawback of formal supervision: it does not happen very often. For some staff members, formal observations and performance evaluations may happen yearly. You cannot be an effective leader if you use formal supervision as your only mechanism for connecting with staff about their work. Therefore, you have a second responsibility to provide informal supervision. You are informally supervising your program when you talk with staff members, check on classrooms, greet families, introduce yourself to a visitor, accept deliveries, or look at lesson plans. Another way of thinking of this is “management by walking around.” You cannot keep children safe from behind a desk. You are expected to engage in your program each and every day.

通过参与并积极参与您的计划，您能够：

• Notice potential problems and take action before they escalate. For example, you might notice signs of stress in a staff member (you will learn more about this in Lesson 6). You can check in with the staff member and provide support.
• Monitor and support training efforts. By spending time observing your program, you can help Training and Curriculum Specialists pinpoint specific training needs for staff. You can work with the T&C to get timely support to staff members who need it.
• Teach appropriate guidance or discipline techniques. You have a responsibility to enforce your program’s guidance and discipline policy. If you see something inappropriate (i.e., a staff member uses a harsh tone with a child), you can immediately and respectfully redirect the staff towards a more positive response.
• Prevent problems with ratio and supervision. You know staffing and attendance patterns. You can facilitate effective scheduling. This maximizes resources and ensures children are adequately supervised at all times.
• 与团队所有成员建立关系。这包括教育员工，食品服务或监护人员，承包商，志愿者和家庭。
• Become a resource for staff members. Staff members know they can come to you with concerns or questions right away. Often, issues can be resolved during simple, informal conversations.
• 鼓励和表彰工作出色的员工。

对儿童的监督

In addition to supervising staff, you must ensure that staff members are adequately supervising children. Maintaining staff-to-child ratios is one of the simplest things you can do to protect children from harm in your program. You will learn more about this in the Safety course. For now, you must know and enforce staff-to-child ratios and maximum group sizes for each age group of children you serve. Key elements to keep in mind related to preventing child abuse and neglect are (Koralek, 1993):

• 中心必须始终至少有两名成人在场。
• At least one staff member at a supervisory level must be present in the center at all times.
• 工作人员必须穿着名人或服装，以便在视觉上识别他们作为负责该计划和招收孩子的员工的员工和访客。
• Center staff may not take a child or children enrolled in the program to their home or in their own vehicle without permission of the child’s parent and the center director.
• Children and youth must not be left unattended or under the sole supervision of teen volunteers.
• 工作人员必须与其监督对儿童和青年的需求和能力相匹配。CDC和较年轻的学龄儿童的儿童需要更多的直接监督。较旧的学龄儿童只需要每15分钟检查一次。确保成年人总是足够接近，以便在儿童呼吁帮助时回应。基于儿童的需求和活动的特征，帮助员工适应监督。潜在的危险活动，如木工和游泳将需要直接监督所有儿童，无论年龄段。
• 确保员工使用登录和退出系统来监测哪些儿童参加，并在该计划中何处。
• 与您的团队合作，确保项目的所有领域都得到充分的监督。工作人员需要监控室内、室外空间、走廊、洗手间等。

开放政策

Child development and school-age programs often face seemingly competing demands:

• We want to provide a welcoming environment for current and potential families.
• 我们希望成为我们社区的成员，并确保儿童能够获得周围的经验丰富。
• 我们希望提供一个安全的环境，限制仅获得批准的个人。

然而，实现所有这些要求是可能和必要的。这需要你仔细的计划和协调。为家庭提供一个开放的大门是你能做的最重要的事情之一，以防止儿童虐待和忽视你的计划。它传达了这样一个信息：你为你的员工以及他们为儿童和青年所做的工作感到骄傲。这也证实了一个信息，即家庭是你计划中的关键伙伴。家人应该知道他们随时都可以来。他们不需要预约或提前打电话。他们应该可以进入孩子参观的每一个地方。

为什么这一政策会阻止儿童虐待和忽视中心？它有两个原因。首先，如果看到一个不恰当的行动，它允许家庭监控程序活动并为孩子们提倡。其次，它有助于加强工作人员和家庭之间的关系。在保护因素方面思考这一点有助于思考这一点。一个门口有助于建立social connections工作人员和家庭之间。它提供了一个机会discuss child developmentand strategies that work at home or in the program. It helps all parties recognize and respond with支持需要的时间. 父母和工作人员之间牢固的关系为孩子提供了一个看到成熟的机会社交和情感skills.

An open-door policy does not mean adults are free to roam the building. You must put reasonable safeguards in place to ensure the security of children. The following list of criteria is in place to protect children:

• Sign-in and sign-out procedures:Make sure your program is aware of and can account for all individuals in the building at all times. Your sign-in procedures must indicate where the adult is going, when they arrived, and when they left.
• Identity verification:必须要求任何未知的个人识别。确认个人列在儿童记录中作为家庭成员。
• Visitor badges or stickers:Providing some visual evidence that a visitor has signed-in helps control access to your buildings.
• 员工伴奏：All guests or visitors (who are not known family members) should be escorted by a staff member at all times. Guest vendors or staff must be accompanied by appropriate personnel. For example, a food delivery vendor should be accompanied by the cook.
• Supervision and monitoring:A staff member who has an approved background check must directly supervise children at all times. Children cannot be left in the care of a family member who is visiting the program.
• Clear boundaries:Post signs on areas that are restricted. For example, the staff break room or areas where child records are kept should be clearly marked as “Staff Only.”

确保家庭成员知道如果他们看到让他们不舒服的事情该怎么办。在家庭手册中提供一段关于你的开放政策。以下是CDC程序的示例文本：

入学和释放儿童

您有责任确保儿童始终由经批准的个人照顾。这不仅包括你的员工，也包括你释放孩子的对象。您的计划必须有明确的政策，允许和释放儿童的个人以外的父母或监护人。这些信息应该在家长手册中。父母应该被要求提交一份被批准接送孩子的个人名单。以下是家长手册中的示例语言：