知道

散步穿过任何家庭改善商店，你可能会一遍又一遍地看到“安全”这个词。您可以找到安全灯，围栏，门，锁，窗户，摄像机，报警，甚至邮箱。为什么安全对我们如此重要？我们都需要在我们的环境中感到安全。我们更喜欢灯光稳定的停车场。我们喜欢具有明显标记的小径的公园。我们寻找让我们识别和响应任何危险的地方。

就像成年人一样，儿童需要帮助他们感到安全的环境。孩子们依靠成年人来满足他们的基本需求：食物，水，庇护所，衣服。他们还取决于我们保护他们免受伤害。感到安全打开孩子们为孩子建立关系，变得自信，并满足他们的潜力（Maslow，1943,1945）。如果他们不觉得，我们不能指望孩子学习。

Infants and toddlers are true explorers. They explore with all their senses, including taste. Once they are mobile, they search every nook and cranny. The environment must be ready to be explored, and you must be ready to supervise.

The termenvironmentrefers to the classroom as a whole along with physical structures, equipment, furniture, and materials, including toys.

Why Heightened Safety Awareness with Infants and Toddlers?

婴儿和幼儿没有实际的经历成年人与周围世界的互动，以了解可能导致伤害。儿童发展是受伤风险的因素。开发发生在阶段，并且在婴儿和幼儿开发思维和推理能力之前，它将是一段时间，以保持自己的安全。随着婴儿和幼儿在周围的理解方面，他们更加了解了什么是安全的，而不是。因此，成年人是100％的负责创造和维护安全的环境。

Here are few things to keep in mind:

• Infants and toddlers are unable to predict hazardous situations. Infants and toddlers are unable to see cause-effect relationships in their interactions.
• 婴儿和幼儿有一个有限的词汇表，可能无法理解“这是危险的”这样的句子。
• Infants and toddlers lack impulse control to the point they cannot always stop the urge to act, even in unsafe situations.
• Infants and toddlers have limited ability to coordinate movements and maintain balance.

看

我们如何保留婴儿和幼儿在室内安全？我们可以在两个层面上思考这个问题。首先，我们考虑我们的设施。其次，我们考虑在教室里提供的空间和材料。

Your program was designed with safety in mind. Watch this video to observe the safety features that keep infants and toddlers safe.

Next, think about classroom environments and the materials in those settings. Here are a few of the hazards you might see:

不可预见的安全危险

Hazards in the environment pop up throughout the day for many reasons:

• Janitorial staff remove electric outlet covers to vacuum and do not replace them, or equipment is moved for cleaning and not properly reset.
• 老师意外地留下了艺术表的消毒解决方案，同时帮助孩子陷入困境。
• 一支墨水笔从剪贴板中掉下来。
• A child pops a wheel off a toy car.
• 一个孩子在登山者的秋天区下降了一个玩具。
• A high-chair strap buckle breaks.
• A child learns to climb for the first time.

这些只是可能发生的一些事件。通过了解安全问题并采取预防措施，您可以为这些无法预料的事件做好准备。

知道n Safety Hazards

每种儿童保育环境中存在安全危险，最常与房间的物理结构相关。例如，储存出儿童的化学品是什么？安全危险还包括：

• Furniture and furniture placement.
• Teacher materials used in the environment.
• Toys and materials children explore.

Watch how the teacher remains aware of a known hazard and helps the toddlers make a safer choice.

看the documentIndoor Safety Hazardsfor a list of some indoor hazards. Remember, no list can capture every hazard or potential hazard. Consider children’s ever-changing behavior, their development, emerging skills, and possible interactions with the environment to assist you in being aware of hazardous situations.

Hazards in Routine Care

Routine care, such as meals and snacks, diapering, toileting, tummy time and nap present their own hazards. Active supervision during routine care is essential. See theIndoor Safety Hazardslist for routine care hazards.

Toy and Material Hazards

Toys and materials should meet safety regulations and be appropriate for the age and development of children using them. Check age guidelines on all materials, including art and sensory materials. Do a daily toy check for missing and broken pieces. It is best not to try to repair; repaired pieces can easily come undone. Scan the environment and materials throughout the day for damaged items. For more information about safe toys and materials refer to:http://nrckids.org/CFOC/Database/5

Recalled Materials

法律制造商必须通知公众召回的玩具和设备。如果您房间中的物品召回，您的主管将通知您，因此可以删除它们。

可以找到召回列表http://www.cpsc.gov.

窒息危险

因为婴幼儿口腔对象,所有人ys and materials within their reach must not be small enough to be a choking hazard. A choke tube can test whether toys or materials are too small and could pose a choking hazard. Choke tubes are relatively inexpensive and useful to keep in your room. Food is another choking hazard for infants and toddlers, so follow all guidelines for food size. Choking on food will be covered in more detail in the Healthy course.

看the Indoor Safety Hazards list for sizes of unsafe materials. Food choking hazards are addressed in the Healthy course. Choke tubes are not used to test food items.

做

Take an Eye-Level Look

The world for children looks much different than the view adults have when looking down. To see what hazards lie in wait for infants and toddlers, get on their level. Take a tour of your room on your knees to see what they see.

If you are prepared to ensure the safety of infants and toddlers in an indoor environment, you should be able to make the following statement.

当涉及确保安全的室内环境时，我总是如下：

• I conduct a safety checklist daily before children arrive.
• I lock away any items that could be dangerous to curious infants (purses, medication, etc.).
• 我对安全问题通过监视我的教室out the day and correct them immediately.

Summary

Preparing and maintaining your environment, keeping it free from hazards, and providing active supervision will provide a foundation to enable the infants and toddlers in your care to be free to explore and make discoveries.

完成本课程

有关本课程中的预期和随附的学习，探索和应用资源以及在整个课程中提供的活动的更多信息，请访问婴儿和幼儿安全环境Course Guide。

Please note the References & Resources section at the end of each lesson outlines reference sources and resources to find additional information on the topics covered. As you complete lessons, you are not expected to review all the online references available. However, you are welcome to explore the resources further if you have interest, or at the request of your trainer, coach, or administrator.