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    目标
    • 确定为什么可预测的时间表和例程对婴儿和幼儿是重要的。
    • Define responsive schedules and routines.
    • 学ways responsive schedules and routines support learning.

    知道

    为什么时间表和例程重要?

    花点时间思考你今天的一天。如果你到达你的工作地点,被告知,“你会在今天的不同时间开始。你今天的小时将是上午11:45至7:00至下午7:00。我们还需要您在不同的位置帮助。我们需要您在另一日保育中心的婴儿课堂上与老师合作。当你明天来到这里时,你可能会再次在不同的位置帮助。我会让你知道。”

    How would you feel? How might your feelings affect your ability to find this new location? How will your feelings affect your behavior with the teacher and infants in the other classroom? How does this apply to infants’ and toddlers’ feelings and behaviors in settings with varying and unpredictable schedules and routines?

    婴儿和幼儿不了解时间的概念,因此他们由他们所在的人组织自己以及发生的事件。当事情发生在每天相同的顺序时,婴儿和幼儿对自己的世界更好地了解并感觉更安全。一种充满一致和响应例程的可预测的计划有助于他们知道要期待的内容,并帮助他们对他们周围的世界感到更加自信。

    婴儿和幼儿的日程表

    每个婴儿和幼儿都与下一个不同。对于婴儿和幼儿,我们认为每日时间表是有助于维护符合和支持个人儿童需求的例程。我们还考虑了对不同例程提供多长时间的时间表。例如,一些婴儿在整天中可能需要一些短暂的疏散,而其他婴儿则可能需要一个或两个更长的小睡。对于非常幼儿,与一个孩子到下一个孩子的差异是正常的。当教师修改他们的时间表以适应婴儿和幼儿的需求而不是试图让孩子才能适应集合课程时间表时,孩子们开发了最佳状态。

    An infant or toddler’s schedule is guided and supported by a primary caregiver based on what is learned through observations and connections with the family. The primary caregiver strives to understand the child’s needs and help him or her transition from one experience to another.

    护理人员以及其他计划人员,帮助确定一天中包含的内容。然而,当关心婴儿和幼儿时,重点应该保持在他们的照顾顺序以及事情的发生,而不是保持时间表。每日时间表通常包括:

    • Experiences:护理人员应保持关闭,向婴儿和幼儿提供支持,因为他们以自己的步伐播放和探索他们的环境。
    • 护理惯例:抵达,喂食或进食,尿布或厕所,睡眠,出发等。
    • Transitions:在儿童节中发生的变化时间,例如小吃到户外游戏。

    Predictable schedules help provide a framework and direction for caregivers when caring for infants and toddlers. In turn, infants and toddlers feel secure when schedules and routines are dependable; this tells them that they can trust caregivers to provide for their needs. For example, some infants will take short naps during feedings. Other infants may eat quickly and immediately fall asleep when finished. Within a consistent daily schedule, caregivers are able to build routines around infants’ and toddlers’ natural habits.

    每天安排一个m infant-toddler教室ight include:

    • 抵达/迎接家庭
    • 视觉计划的一个例子早餐/喂食
    • 室内/室外发育适当的体验,根据需要小睡
    • 尿布和厕所
    • Small group time with songs
    • Lunch/feeding
    • 尿布和厕所
    • A second example of a visual scheduleNaps as needed
    • 尿布和厕所
    • 快餐/喂食
    • 室内/室外发展适当的体验
    • 离开

    When considering your schedule, and particularly diapering or toileting routines, remember infants and toddlers should be checked and changed (or asked to try the toilet) at least once every two hours or more as needed (e.g., at family’s request or for temporary diaper rash). In addition, children should always be immediately changed if they have soiled themselves.

    响应的例行

    older infant washing hands常规是婴儿和幼儿的一致,可预测的日常经验,例如问候,尿布,睡眠和喂养。护理人员创建和支持例程的方式使他们能够帮助婴儿和幼儿构建信任和独立性。向婴儿和幼儿解释在日常生活期间发生的事情以及过渡可以帮助建立可预测性和信任感。例如,当尿布时,一位老师可以说:“我现在要把你的裤子带走,好吗?”或者,准备吃饭时,“首先,我们需要洗手,然后我们可以吃零食。”对于教师来说,帮助解释儿童的经历是重要的(“我打赌你饿了,不是你!”)。使用歌曲陪同例程可以减少过渡期间的压力,并使这些体验更令人愉快地为儿童和教师享有愉快。他们也可以作为儿童的提示,即即将到来的活动,例如,在外面玩之前“清理”歌曲。此外,由于我们将在指导课程中讨论,给孩子们警告即将到来的过渡,可以帮助他们在一天的下一部分控制并准备好(“五分钟我们将清理零食。有其他人需要吃东西?“)。

    caregiver and infants eating在尿布,喂养,厕所等期间在互动中花费的时间也鼓励孩子的学习。yabo电子游艺例如,通过描述食物,口味和嗅觉,我们可以在与婴儿的喂养期间鼓励语言发展。“哦,我闻到了桃子。你?他们难以闻到甜蜜吗?“使用显示睡眠或尿布等惯例的图片可以帮助老婴儿和幼儿预测下一个正在发生的事情。在喂养期间持有并拥抱婴儿的时间在婴儿和蹒跚学步的年度在学习基础之间建立了强有力的关系。yabo电子游艺Demonstrating the steps in a routine (e.g., hand washing), explaining aloud what you are doing, and including pictures that show the steps in the routine are all ways that caregivers can help toddlers become familiar with routines and learn how to complete them more independently.

    婴儿和幼儿在惯例符合他们的需求并以熟悉的方式完成时,他们的世界意识。具有医疗问题或残疾的婴儿和幼儿可能需要与其他儿童的需求不同,并且在护理惯例中需要住宿。对他们的婴儿和幼儿想要以及尊重多样性来说,尊重什么是重要的。

    With young infants, the caregiver must be especially flexible meeting the child’s needs. Over time, routines become more predictable, which allows for similar and consistent interactions. With this predictability, infants and toddlers feel understood and are able to affect the world around them. Over time, infants and toddlers learn that certain actions usually follow others, and they learn that adults are trustworthy.

    通过参加日常例程,婴儿和幼儿收到他们能够做出非常重要的事情的信息。参与令人愉快和有意义的惯例有助于促进健康的发展,并建立自信心。例如,虽然大多数幼儿不能完全放在外套上,但他们经常喜欢参加这个过程。一旦开始,幼儿可能会握住他的手臂或完成拉链。通过鼓励婴儿和幼儿参加惯例,他们变得更加自足,以他们的尝试和成就感到自豪。但是,重要的是要记住,并非所有文化都以同样的方式观看早期独立和参与惯例。护理人员可以联系并学习家庭关于日常生活的想法,以及关于最重要和有价值的东西。

    洗手步骤图对于幼儿,特别是具有特殊需求的幼儿,有助于支持他们在惯例中的成功参与的图片可能是非常有帮助的。例如,您可以在水槽附近显示一小集图片,以提醒孩子涉及必要的洗手步骤。或者,也许在零食桌子附近,有一部小系列图片,提醒他们前(例如,洗手,收集餐巾纸)和(清理空间,投掷垃圾垃圾)之前的重要步骤。查看更多信息,包括如何支持您的环境中的所有儿童:http://www.kitonline.org/

    观看此视频,并确定这些护理人员如何在日常惯例中支持婴儿和幼儿。

    响应的例行for Infants & Toddlers

    与婴儿和幼儿的敏感惯例

    Do

    Infants and toddlers learn about their world and the people around them through daily routines. Try the following actions in the learning environment to support responsive schedules and routines for the infants and toddlers in your care:

    • Remember that schedules and routines must be flexible to fit individual children’s needs. Work with children’s families to develop schedules that work best for each child.
    • When guiding infants and toddlers through routines, talk and sing songs about what you are doing, and interpret the child’s experiences aloud.
    • Post pictures or photos of the daily schedule and steps in daily routines at the children’s eye level.
    • 审查与幼儿的经验,例程和转换序列:“我们吃早餐,然后我们走了外面。”
    • 与关于他们对惯例的期望的家庭谈话。有些家庭可以寻找他们的移动婴儿和幼儿在各种例程中更容易地合作,而其他家庭则将期望在某些惯例中独立。

    探索

    探索

    更多关于婴儿和幼儿的日常生活和日常护理。下载并打印响应的例行handout and look for ways to highlight your strengths and continue supporting infant and toddler development and learning.

    申请

    申请

    Pictures can be used with infants and toddlers to help them learn language and make sense of the world around them. Download and print the followingVisual Cue Cardsattachment to support infants and toddlers during daily routines. These picture cues can act as daily routine or schedule reminders; you can use them to craft a visual schedule. You can also take pictures of routines in your own classroom to make the visual cues more reflective of your community.

    Glossary

    Term 描述
    住宿 提供所需的行为。For example, while the environment, learning experiences and materials in most early care and learning environments are designed to meet the needs of many children, they can be adapted or expanded when they do not meet the specific needs of a child to accommodate that child’s individual needs
    主要照顾者 成年人负责会议care and educational needs of a specific group of children within the larger group for most of each day
    惯例 一致,可预测的日常活动婴儿或幼儿在一天中经历,例如尿布,喂养和睡眠

    证明

    证明
    Assessment

    Q1

    真的or false? As an infant and toddler caregiver, it is important to stick to a set clock time and schedule throughout the day.

    Q2

    婴儿/幼儿课堂的每日计划中可能包含以下哪项?

    Q3

    A parent considering your program for her infant visits your classroom and asks about your schedule and daily routines. What do you tell her?

    参考资料

    道奇,D.,Rudick,S.,&Berke,K。(2006年)。The Creative Curriculum for Infants, Toddlers and Twos, (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Teaching Strategies, Inc.

    Gonzalez-Mena,J.(2002)。婴儿/幼儿护理:惯例指南(2nd ed.). Sacramento: California Dept. of Education.

    Petersen, S. H., Wittmer, D. S. (2008).婴儿和幼儿开发和响应计划规划:基于关系的方法。Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.