The Backpack Connection Series was created by the Technical Assistance Center on Social Emotional Intervention for Young Children to provide a way for teachers and parents and caregivers to work together to help young children develop social-emotional skills and reduce challenging behavior. Teachers may choose to send a handout home in each child’s backpack when a new strategy or skill is introduced to the class. Each Backpack Connection handout provides information that helps parents stay informed about what their child is learning at school and specific ideas on how to use the strategy or skill at home. This series was developed in collaboration with Pyramid Plus: The Colorado Center for Social Emotional Competence and Inclusion and Bal Swan Children's Center in Broomfield, Colorado.

To access the entire list of Backpack Connection Series handouts on the TACSEI website, refer to the website listed in the在婴儿和蹒跚学步的指导课程中应用第4课的部分：。

Here is an annotated list of selected handouts from the National Center for Pyramid Model Innocations site. Handout summaries are copyright TACSEI and are provided here for your reference. Reproductions of their handouts are encouraged

解决行为

如何帮助您的孩子避免崩溃

There are countless teachable moments daily when skills can be taught and emotions discussed, such as during play time, in the car, at bath time or while reading together. As a parent, you can reduce challenging behaviors such as hitting, biting, pushing and whining when you 1) concentrate on calming your child during a challenging behavior incident and 2) wait until an appropriate teachable moment to actually teach your child.

How to Help Your Child Stop Hitting and Pushing

像许多父母和照顾者一样，你可能已经发现自己在某种情况下，尽管你的努力，你的孩子继续袭击和推动你或其他孩子。要开始解决这种行为，重要的是要理解你的孩子有自己的意见，可能想要为自己做更多的事情，但他可能没有语言技能或冲动控制，以使这些事情发生。这种经验可能对他来说是令人沮丧的，他的第一反应可能是击中或推动。幼儿经常表达困难的情绪，例如沮丧，愤怒或尴尬。许多孩子不知道不同的方式来处理困难的情绪。

How to Understand the Meaning of Your Child’s Challenging Behavior

作为父母或照顾者，你可能会看到你的孩子以一种没有意义的方式表现，并问自己，“为什么她一直这样做？”它可能会非常令人沮丧，特别是当你的孩子似乎很容易弄清楚她自己的更合适的行为方式。在这样的时刻，重要的是要记住，孩子们继续使用行为，因为它有效！您的孩子的行为是一种强大的沟通工具，她用来告诉你她需要或想要的东西。有时，当孩子不知道适当的方式（如单词，手语或指向图片）来表达她的需求或想要使用挑战行为（如击中，尖叫或吐痰）来沟通。具有挑战性的行为使儿童能够以快速而强大的方式发送信息。孩子们将使用挑战性行为来沟通，直到他们学习新的，更合适的方式来表达他们的需求和需求。要更改行为，请首先发现导致行为的内容非常重要。如果你知道为什么你的孩子选择行为，那么你可以教她以一种新的方式传达她的想要和需要，每个人都感到乐意。

如何给出明确的方向

“为什么我要再次重复自己？”“为什么她不会听我的话？”倾听和遵循方向是重要的技能幼儿必须学习。孩子不遵循指示的原因很多。

How to Use Social Stories to Teach Your Child New Skills and Expectations

孩子们喜欢倾听故事。不仅用于招待儿童的故事，它们也可以用作教学新技能和期望的工具。许多父母阅读书籍以教他们的孩子字母或数字，但故事也可以用来：教导社交技能，如如何轮流;为一天中的时间（例如，安静时间）或事件（例如，公路旅行）教导明确的行为期望;加强惯例，例如准备睡觉;为新的经验做好准备，例如学校的第一天;并解决一个具有挑战性的行为，如击中。

如何帮助您的孩子停止抱怨

There are few behaviors that are more frustrating to parents than whining. Yet for children, whining can be a quick and easy way to get a parent’s full attention. Children whine when they feel overwhelmed by an emotion or desire and do not have the vocabulary to express their feelings. They also might whine when they do not have the skills to complete a task or because they feel tired, hungry, powerless, or lonely. Simply put, children whine to ask for help. You can help your child figure out WHY he is whining and help him to find a better way to communicate.

如何帮助您的孩子停止咬人

一个孩子在早期的某个时刻咬人很常见。当孩子们没有技能或词汇表来表达自己的感情时，他们可能会从事一个行为，如咬人，作为一种方式让你知道他们的感受。

Routines and Schedules

How to Plan Activities to Reduce Challenging Behavior

Unfortunately, there is no “Guidebook for Parents” that tells you exactly how to raise children who behave perfectly at all times. Each child and family is unique, which means that there is no one solution or strategy that is going to work for everyone, every time. However, while it isn’t magic, simple planning ahead can work wonders to help improve your child’s behavior. You can plan activities to teach your child important skills such as sharing, taking turns or handling disappointment. You can also plan ahead to prepare your child for new events in her life such as changes in her schedule, a road trip, a new baby or a visit from grandparents.

如何帮助您的孩子有一个成功的早晨

当你想在上午8点之前哭泣时，你会挣扎有压力的早晨吗？你经常离开房子生气，疯狂的匆忙吗？早晨可能是父母的特别具有挑战性的时期。让你的整个家庭拔出门并不容易任务！重要的是要明白您的早晨常规是为您家人整天的基础。您可以创建一个早晨的例程，不仅可以帮助您的一天开始更顺利，而且还教导您的孩子，他需要变得更加独立和自信。早上的惯例也可以减少挑战性行为，如哭泣，抱怨和发脾气。

How to Use Visual Schedules to Help Your Child Understand Expectations

通常,孩子不应对成人b的请求ecause they don’t actually understand what is expected of them. When a child doesn’t understand what he is supposed to do and an adult expects to see action, the result is often challenging behavior such as tantrums, crying or aggressive behavior. A child is more likely to be successful when he is told specifically what he should do rather than what he should not do. A visual (photographs, pictures, charts, etc.) can help to communicate expectations to young children and avoid challenging behavior. Visual schedules (activity steps through pictures) can be used at home to teach routines such as getting ready for school. These types of schedules teach children what is expected of them and reminds them what they should be doing.

参观website位于本课程的应用活动以获取更多讲义。