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    目标
    • Recognize examples of developmentally appropriate materials that promote creativity for infants and toddlers.
    • 定义文化响应性的创造性材料。
    • 确定支持所有婴儿和幼儿的创造性优势和需求的材料。

    知道

    婴儿and toddlers are curious and enjoy the exploration of materials within their environments. We know that the process of exploration and experimentation for infants and toddlers is more important than the “final product.” For example, as infants make marks on a paper with crayons, they are simply exploring what happens when the crayon touches the paper. They are not interested in creating something specific, such as a shape or letter. As infants have more experiences using crayons and grow to be toddlers, they are able to better control crayons, and their marks and scribbles begin to take shape as they learn to draw lines and circles. The process of picking up a crayon and applying it to paper is more important than what is drawn. This experience offers an opportunity for infants and toddlers to use their imaginations. The assorted materials you include in your early care and learning setting will help set the stage for an engaging environment where infants and toddlers can focus on the process of learning.

    Environments that Encourage Curiosity, Exploration and Experimentation

    “通过鼓励创造力和想象力,我们正在促进孩子们探索和理解自己的世界的能力,并提高他们创造新联系并达到新的理解的机会。”(Bernadette Duffy,2006)

    An environment that supports creativity gives infants and toddlers a sense of trust and assurance while exciting their curiosity and inviting them to explore. Supportive environments are filled with possibilities for positive interactions with trusted caregivers, and they offer engaging experiences and activities that help meet infants’ and toddlers’ needs and wants. Creating these types of environments involves a process of reflection and intentional planning. Keep these tips in mind:

    • 考虑婴儿和幼儿在您的照顾中的需求和发展。创建一个安全,舒适且灵活的设置,支持关系并邀请好奇心和探索。有关支持性,安全学习环境的更多信息,请参阅婴儿和幼儿学习环境课程。yabo电子游艺
    • 使用适合婴儿和幼儿的发育年龄或阶段的材料。
    • 用易于清洁的表面识别环境的区域,以使用涂料等材料。
    • 包括为婴儿和幼儿提供多次探索和实验的材料安全。
    • 学from families how to create culturally responsive environments and experiences. Invite families to share art, music, foods, and celebrations that are meaningful to them.

    促进创造力的材料

    “正如他们所扮演的那样,这些年轻的探险家可以完全被吸收。打开和关闭,填充和倾销,捡起和倾倒是无休止的迷人活动,以挑战婴儿的流动性和灵巧以及他们对物体的想法以及他们可以做的事情。“(Copple&Bredekamp,Naeyc,2009,p。61)

    您提供的材料有助于设置支持婴儿和幼儿探索,实验和好奇心的参与学习环境的阶段。yabo电子游艺虽然这些材料为婴儿和幼儿提供了机会,以便以自己的节奏对他们进行最有意思的东西,但是,你是可怜的人,他对创意体验表示意义。您可以观察和应对婴儿和幼儿的独立探索和实验,这些材料只会有助于提高其发展和学习。yabo电子游艺当您规划特定的活动时,还将有时会支持他们的好奇心,发现,开发和学习。yabo电子游艺

    The selection of materials, as well as their intentional display within the environment, will be different for young infants, mobile infants and toddlers. Young infants will need interesting, creative materials brought to them while on the floor. Mobile infants are moving as they explore and need safe areas to enhance their creativity. Toddlers are looking to demonstrate their independence, and caregivers can plan for and support their use of creative materials in specific activities and experiences. It’s important to keep in mind that infants and toddlers will carry creative materials all over the room, as this is part of their natural development. Labeling shelves with pictures of the items can help as you strive to get materials back to where they belong.

    下表列出了不同类型的材料,可用于促进婴儿和幼儿的创造力;您还可以通过审查婴儿幼儿学习环境课程来了解有关创建参与护理和学习环境的更多信息。yabo电子游艺与培训师,教练或主管讨论发展和使用发育适当的创造性材料也很重要。

    创意材料

    乙烯基,板和布书(乙烯基和布书为年轻婴儿工作也适用于使用他们的嘴探索)

    木偶和软娃娃

    书籍用各种插图(照片,图纸等)和印刷品

    Blankets using different textured materials and contrasting colors and patterns

    Pop-up toys and jack-in-the-boxes

    Grasping toys (rattles, squeeze toys)

    堆积玩具

    互锁玩具(块,环,流行珠)

    具有各种纹理的泡沫或橡胶块

    L.arge cardboard blocks, wooden blocks

    Cars, trucks, road signs and community figurines

    塑料玩具动物

    代表他们经验的现实生活材料(瓶子,燕麦粉容器,麦片盒)

    镜子

    做lls

    假装手机

    锅,平底锅,铲子,勺子,盘子,碗

    Purses, briefcases, tool bag and other dress-up clothing

    小桌椅

    画架,画笔,涂料,包括手指油漆

    手柄

    播放面团和工具(饼干切割机,滚筒)

    Paper (e.g., magazines, newsprint, plain paper, construction paper, card stock, etc.)

    胶棒

    蜡笔,标记和粉笔

    织物和丝带的废料,各种颜色,形状,图案和纹理

    编钟

    摇铃和自制的声音制造商(例如,塑料瓶装满豆类,纽扣或珠子,并用胶水或胶带固定)

    Different types of music and musical instruments

    彩色围巾

    您也可以将这些创意材料结合起来,作为邀请婴儿和幼儿保持好奇和探索的一种方式。您还可以考虑展示和提供与其兴趣相关的材料的方法,并有助于扩展以前的学习。yabo电子游艺例如:

    婴儿 幼儿
    • 一个大型纸板箱,爬上和脱离和颜色
    • 用不同类型的材料制成的地板上的毯子
    • 在地板上的被子或毯子上方悬挂的移动或其他材料,因此婴儿可以达到触摸并移动它们
    • 带温水的塑料容器或涉水池和水槽或浮动的材料混合
    • 各种尺寸和纹理的球
    • 松果,香蒲和高草
    • Balls and tubing to use for rolling the balls
    • 关于房屋和建筑物的一本书以及各种街区
    • A plastic container or sensory table filled with water and materials to help scoop and pour

    请记住,婴儿和幼儿通过探索和将物体放入嘴里学习。重要的是要仔细观察和使用无毒的材料,并且不会窒息危险。此外,当幼儿在玩水中时,应始终采取密切观察和关怀。有关创建安全环境的其他信息,请参阅婴儿幼儿安全课程。

    “婴儿自然很好奇。他们被驱使探索,学习,练习新技能。他们需要持续的,安全的机会来举办和尝试自己 - 与成年人一起转向危险和支持并庆祝他们的成年人成功“(约翰逊,2010年,p。XII)。

    文化反应的材料

    Think of materials as a language for children (Weisman Topal, and Gandini, 1999). Materials enable children to express themselves, to share what they already know, to demonstrate existing skills, and to learn new skills. Materials should reflect children’s interests, as well as backgrounds, life experiences and cultures.

    The National Center for Culturally Responsive Educational Systems recommends considering three dimensions of cultural responsiveness:

    • 文化是由种族,族裔,宗教或社会群体共享的思想,感受,态度,信仰,价值观和行为模式的融合。
    • 文化响应性是复杂的,涉及接受和承认其他人的文化和文化价值观。
    • 有许多文化维度包括:语言,空间和邻近,性别角色,家庭作用,散装和存在,以及教育价值。

    Getting to know the infants and toddlers in your care is one of your first responsibilities as a caregiver. Observation and communication with families can help you learn more about what infants and toddlers like to do, their strengths and needs and how they behave during interactions and play experiences.

    通过了解和理解单个的施特伦ths, needs and preferences of infants and toddlers, you are able to be more responsive. Having specific cultural information from families further provides an opportunity to sensitively meet individual needs so that infants and toddlers can see their environment as predictable and safe.

    使用支持所有婴儿和幼儿的创造性优势和需求的材料

    与家庭合作可以为您提供指导和支持,以计划响应性创造体验,活动和材料支持多样性和包容性。积极花时间每天观察,互动,倾听和反思,也可以帮助您在为您提供婴儿和幼儿的考虑时。您也可以问自己这样的问题:

    • 家庭与我分享了什么?
    • What are some of the family's values, beliefs and unique practices?
    • 从我们的互动和日常惯例中了解了这篇文章或幼儿的了解了什么?从观察和互动探索和试验时?
    • 这个婴儿或幼儿已经知道了什么?他或她对探索和试验感兴趣的是什么?

    作为一个婴儿和幼儿照顾者,您可以积极鼓励对其环境中所有婴儿和幼儿的不同家庭文化,个人优势和需求的好奇心,探索和实验。发展的适当做法侧重于婴儿和幼儿的学习特征,以及幼儿的独特利益,优势和气质的个性化经验。yabo电子游艺想想你已经做了什么,以支持你早期的护理和学习环境中所有婴儿和幼儿的创造力。yabo电子游艺您已经提供的创意材料是什么,以确保他们描绘了各种各样的种族,文化,年龄和能力?以下是您可以合并的其他想法:

    • 提供游戏食品,假装人们和来自不同文化的装扮项目。
    • 使用不同类型的涂装材料,这可能比海绵等油漆刷更容易掌握。
    • Play a variety of music for listening, movement and dancing.
    • Create visuals to use with infants and toddlers as they make choices about creative materials to explore and experiment with.
    • 将家庭语言与婴儿,幼儿及其家人一起使用,包括美国手语。
    • 改变画架的高度或位置,以支持无法达到或长时间站立的幼儿。
    • 阅读不同语言的故事。
    • 胶带纸到桌子上,用胶带或夹子将纸张拿到画架。
    • 在步行者上使用小篮子,背包或用于推动玩具的小篮子或Fanny Pack,以帮助老年人和幼儿从一个活动或区域获得创造性的材料。
    • 使用柔软,最喜欢的舒适物品,如小毛绒动物,用婴儿玩Peekaboo。
    • Provide books and photos showing families from diverse backgrounds and with differing abilities.
    • 展示婴儿和幼儿家庭的照片。
    • Attach Velcro to blocks to help them stay together easily.
    • 使用带有魔术贴的手套来支持婴儿正在努力拾取和操纵物体。您可以创建彩色的毛毡形状或彩色围巾,可以坚持魔术贴。

    在与婴儿和幼儿的经验和活动中,在不同的方式中使用许多类型的创造性材料可以以积极的方式将它们暴露于相似性和差异。

    展示艺术作品

    显示艺术是一种允许婴儿和幼儿分享他们创造性工作的方法。展示艺术品有很多好处,如:

    • 它丰富了环境,为您提供了儿童的所有权。
    • 它给孩子一种骄傲和信心的感觉。
    • 它鼓励并激励婴儿和幼儿是创造性的。
    • 它挑战孩子尽最大努力。

    There are many ways you can display infants’ and toddlers’ work throughout the learning environment. A few examples are:

    • 使用墙壁或公告板展示工作。
    • Hang pieces throughout the environment with rope or ribbon and clothespins.
    • 框架艺术品并将它们悬挂在墙上 - 考虑旋转碎片,所以所有婴儿和幼儿都有机会被特色。
    • 使用搁架或表显示三维物品,例如雕塑或陶器。

    When displaying work, give children the chance to create a nameplate with their name and the title of their piece. This will show that you value their work and allow them to feel proud of their creative accomplishment.

    使用材料来支持婴儿和蹒跚学步的创造力

    Access to appropriate materials support development and learning.

    作为一个婴儿和蹒跚学步的看护者,想想the following as you continue to consider ways to spark creativity for the young children in your care:

    • 响应儿童的个体差异。
    • 为孩子们提供安全的空间和机会。
    • 设计环境使婴儿和幼儿可以安全地访问创意材料。
    • 提供允许勘探和实验纹理,尺寸,颜色和形状的材料,以及可以安全地分开,打开,填充和倾倒的材料。
    • 为年长的婴儿和幼儿用具进行实验,以便自己喂养。
    • Observe and honor infants' and toddlers' time exploring.

    探索

    探索

    您目前为婴儿和幼儿提供哪些材料,以从事促进创造性表达的经验?反思您提供火花婴儿和幼儿创造力的经验和活动,并专注于您使用的材料。下载并打印Reflecting on Materials Activity。对于每个框,列表或描述您提供的材料,以及写下您可以使用的其他材料的想法。然后,与培训师,教练或主管分享并讨论您的回复。

    申请

    申请

    想想如何与家人分享你在本课程中学到的东西。下载并打印讲义,从事家庭。尝试列出或以自己提出的活动之一。然后,用培训师,教练或主管分享并讨论您的想法。

    词汇表

    学期 描述
    文化响应能力 社会是多元化的承认和致谢。除了主导文化外,还存在许多基于种族,性取向,地理,宗教,性别和班级的其他文化(国家文化响应教育系统的国家中心,2005年)

    证明

    证明
    Assessment

    Q1

    完成本声明:为年轻婴儿,移动婴儿和幼儿选择创造性材料......

    Q2

    对或错?您可能需要对具有特殊需求的儿童进行适应性。

    Q3

    一位父母问你想到她可以在家试图鼓励在她的蹒跚学步的儿子戏剧性的比赛。你是如何回应的?

    参考资料

    Berk,L. E.(2000)。儿童发展(5th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

    蓝禁止,M.,夏季,J.A.,弗兰克州,H.C.,Nelson,L.L.,&Beegle,G. 2004。家庭和专业伙伴关系的维度:合作建设性指南。Exceptional Children,70(2),167-184。

    布朗,S。(2009)。玩:如何形成大脑,打开想象力并激励灵魂。纽约:艾弗里。

    国家幼儿教育协会。(2009)。C. Copple&S.Bradekamp(EDS),通过8岁以下服务儿童的早期儿童计划的发展适当的做法国家幼儿教育协会。从...获得http://www.nayc.org/files/naeyc/file/positions/keymessage.pdf.

    埃普斯坦,安第安纳州(2007年)。故意老师:选择幼儿学习的最佳策略。yabo电子游艺华盛顿特区:国家幼儿教育协会。

    伤害,T.,Clifford,R. M.,&Cryer,D。(2003)。Infant/toddler environment rating scale, revised ed.New York: Teachers College Press.

    Johnson,J.(2010)。雨中的婴儿:促进与婴儿和幼儿的游戏,探索和发现。圣保罗,Mn:Redleaf按。

    Kovach,B.,&Da Ros-Voseles,D.(2008)。与婴儿在一起:理解和回应您的婴儿。Beltsville,MD:Gryphon House。

    国家文化响应教育系统中心。(2005)。第1单元:了解文化和文化响应。从...获得https://sites.google.com/site/elibrarypdf1/12%20workbook.pdf.

    Weisman, T. C., & Gandini, L. (1999).Beautiful stuff!L.earning with found materials。伍斯特,马:戴维斯出版物,Inc。