辅助标签

    Objectives:
    • 确定回应工作人员对性发展的多样性信念的方法。
    • Explore how to support direct care professionals’ responses to children’s sexual behavior.
    • Demonstrate how to support a whole program in implementing best practice.

    Learn

    Learn

    Teach

    应对工作人员对性发展的多样化信念

    As you learned in Lesson One, most child care professionals, even those with many years of experience and advanced education, have had little or no professional development or formal education on sexual development and behavior. Due to a lack of opportunity to learn about this topic, program staff may need more extensive support.

    Perhaps you have observed how the lack of opportunity to learn affects staff members’ beliefs and how they view their role in supporting sexual development. You may have heard staff make the following comments:

    • “Children don’t need to learn about this until they reach puberty.”
    • “That behavior is so inappropriate; the family needs to handle this.”
    • “I’m not a sex-education teacher, so I’m not qualified.”
    • “These are private issues that we shouldn’t be discussing with children.”
    • “That’s not my job; the social worker needs to take care of this issue.”

    虽然这些感受可能是常见的,但工作人员很了解他们的主要角色是让孩子安全,并支持他们的学习和发展,包括性发展。yabo电子游艺当您讨论员工对性发展的感受和信仰时,在此期间我的知识和信仰of Childhood Sexual Developmentactivity inLesson One,重要的是要承认员工feelings while emphasizing that they play an important role in teaching children about boundaries and appropriate touch and in responding appropriately to sexual behaviors when they occur. For example, you may acknowledge that a staff member might feel uncomfortable or unqualified to discuss sexual development and behavior with children and youth while also explaining the many ways that they can promote healthy sexual development in the program by using appropriate vocabulary, teaching what is “safe” versus “unsafe” touch, teaching children about boundaries (physical and verbal), and pointing out others cues and responses to touch. If you encounter beliefs from program staff similar to those mentioned above, you can do the following:

    Acknowledge

    When staff members indicate that they feel uncomfortable with children’s sexual behavior, or seem overwhelmed when asked to use specific strategies, acknowledge their feelings. Staff members may ignore sexual behavior or become angry when asked to provide support to children when they are not sure what they should do or feel uncomfortable.

    教练: “You seem unsure of what to do when school-age children make jokes of a sexual nature. What can I do to support you?”

    Relate

    Show the staff member you relate to how they feel by sharing about a time when you felt uncomfortable with a work responsibility or task. You could talk about what you felt before you formally learned about sexual development and behavior. Let them know you recognize that stepping outside of one’s comfort zone can be difficult.

    教练: “Supporting sexual behavior is sometimes uncomfortable for me, too. I’m a very private person who doesn’t usually discuss things like this. But I also know that this is an important part of children’s development that I can’t ignore.”

    Take action

    而重要的是,工作人员opportunity to speak with someone about the challenges in their work, coaches will want to take action to evolve thinking and behavior. Collaborate with staff by asking them to develop an action step. For example, they could complete a lesson or observe another staff member implement a strategy, but make sure they have input in deciding on the action step.

    教练: “I’m hearing you say you disagree that you should model asking for permission to touch children. Tell me more about this and what we can do to help you feel more comfortable in doing so.”

    支持直接护理人员

    Remember that several factors affect children and youth’s sexual development and behavior:

    • Culture and family norms
    • Development
    • Function of the Behavior
    • 频率和参与
    • 环境
    • Effect on others
    • Response to redirection

    虽然您将考虑所有这些因素,但在分析儿童的发展和性行为功能时,直接护理人员可能需要最多的帮助。当员工完成时,您可能需要成为流程的一部分性行为反射工具,Sexual Development Definition and Factors,和other forms. Even when a more seasoned teaching team completes these forms without you, you should review their documentation to ensure best practice.

    Development

    Typical or age-appropriate behavior, especially during the early childhood years, is variable. As more children with disabilities or delays are cared for in inclusive programs, it is valuable to think about development based on children’s individual abilities rather than chronological age or program placement. This can be difficult for direct care staff, particularly when they identify strongly as a caregiver for a specific age group. For example, a caregiver may say: “I’m a school-age staff member, and school-age children should know to cover their private parts.” While this statement is generally true, this staff member may care for a 7-year-old child who is developmentally similar to a 4-year-old.

    When staff members encounter sexual behavior, help them think about development by asking them the following questions:

    • 发生了什么行为?
    • 我们想要发生什么?
    • What can the child do?

    查看下面的一个名为Kari的孩子。请注意,我们没有有关Kari年龄的信息,因为本练习的重点是员工考虑发展能力。

    发生了什么行为?

    Kari walks out of the bathroom with her private parts exposed.

    我们想要发生什么?

    Kari will pull her pants up before leaving the bathroom.

    What can the child do?
    • Recognize when it is time to go to the bathroom
    • Can independently pull down pants and underwear but can’t yet pull up
    • 需要帮助服装紧固件
    • 尚未感受到暴露私处的抨击
    • Learning about public versus private

    A developmental frame helps staff determine ways they can support the strategy, “What do we want to happen” with Kari. Staff may decide to give her a reminder cue before she enters the bathroom like, “tell me if you need help pulling up your pants.” A staff member will stay near the bathroom so they can hear if Kari requests help. They can also teach her what private means by explaining, “Our private parts stay covered in the classroom” or “Pants get pulled up before we leave the bathroom.”

    Function of the Behavior

    All behavior occurs for a reason or has some function and determining the function of sexual behaviors requires careful thought about children’s cognitive abilities. You may need to coach direct care staff when trying to determine this. Some children may be able to tell you why they engaged in a behavior, “I did it to be funny.” But many children, especially children preschool-age and younger, will not understand why they engage in sexual behaviors or unsafe touch. In these instances, you need to think carefully about the child’s environment and development to determine if the intention behind the behavior is a reaction or a more thought-out occurrence.

    A reaction to the environment is a response to what a child experiences. The child was not thinking about what they were going to do beforehand. Instead, they reacted to their environment. A planned occurrence involves thinking about what one will do ahead of time and the effect that action will have on others. This requires advanced cognitive skills including logical reasoning, self-awareness, and social awareness.第五课of the VLS Focused Topic course,Supporting Children with Challenging Behaviors提供有关行为函数的其他信息。

    支持直接护理人员with Follow-up Questions

    In this example, a school-age team hears about a sexual behavior involving Neil, a 9-year-old child with autism. Other children report that when Neil is in the bathroom, he will walk up to them while they are using the urinal and attempt to look at their genitals. After hearing of this behavior, the team completed the性行为反射工具以下。使用Toggle功能阅读Ashley,培训和课程专家的后续问题询问教学团队。

    Is the behavior random or infrequent?
    没有。两个孩子们报告说,尼尔试图在不同时间使用小便池的同时观看它们。
    Is the behavior typical for the child’s age and developmental ability?
    No. A 9-year-old should know that it is inappropriate to violate someone’s privacy this way.
    是奇妙,探索和嬉戏的行为吗?
    不,尼尔有很多问题行为,通常由自己悬挂。
    If other children are involved, is it mutual and good-humored?
    不,其他孩子们很生气。
    如果涉及其他孩子,他们彼此了解得很好,它们是否具有类似的年龄和发展(<2年)?
    Yes. The children are around Neil’s age and they all attend the after-school program together.
    Is the behavior easily redirected?
    Staff haven’t had the chance to redirect Neil. One of the other children said they told Neil to “back off.”
    Normative Sexual Behavior?
    No. Neil should know that it is inappropriate to watch others in the bathroom.

    Ashley's follow-up questions for the team help them decide that although Neil’s sexual behavior is inappropriate for 9-year-olds, it is not unexpected given Neil’s development. They develop a plan to make a picture schedule for Neil’s bathroom routine. Also, Neil is to have direct supervision while in the bathroom. Ashley and the team plan to implement this prevention plan for two weeks before reassessing the behavior. The coach will communicate the plan to Neil’s family, in addition to calling the families of the two children who reported the incident. She will confidentially share what was reported and that the program has a prevention plan in place to address the behavior. If there are still concerns after two weeks, program leadership will consult withPUBLICa specialist。You may wonder why Ashley or the program administrator chose to wait to contactPUBLICa specialist。计划领导层评估了尼尔的行为与他的发展能力一致;因此,他们有信心决定这种性行为对于尼尔规范规范,并且可以轻松地使用普遍和有针对性的策略(监督和图片计划)。

    评估方案范围的需求

    It is helpful to have a baseline for the knowledge and comfort level of program staff regarding sexual development and behavior. You can collect data to assess this by asking staff to complete the我的知识和信仰self-assessment tool in theApply section of Lesson One。这是衡量个别员工和整个程序的一种方法。如果您发现您的大多数计划人员报告了有限的性发展和行为知识,或者对与您的方案管理员合作的这一话题会对职业发展机会进行合作。您和程序管理员可以通过以下方式支持方案范围的学习:yabo电子游艺

    • Lead a presentation or discussion to orient staff to sexual development.
    • Invite a specialist with expertise in this area to give staff a presentation.
    • 设定一个内部目标,如“在日历年结束时,所有领导工作人员都将在儿童和青年专注的主题课程中完成性发展和行为。”yabo11vip
    • 提供小组案例研究机会。例如,您可以使用诸如此之类的工具领导小组讨论和练习性行为反射工具性行为:定义和因素工作表。

    这些机会支持工作人员的知识并沟通,每个人都不只是领导和专家,在促进健康的性发展和预防性行为挑战方面都有作用。

    模型

    Normalize Communicating About Sexual Development

    童话人员倾向于在有疑虑时互相讨论儿童的性行为和家庭。即使性行为规范规范,员工可能愿意犹豫,提出问题或与他们的教学团队和家庭谈话。您可以通过允许他们与您练习来帮助计划人员获得信心。在角色扮演中,您可以模拟如何谈论性行为和预防策略以及员工练习他们将对同事或家人说的内容。阅读示例,示出了教练模型如何通信的性行为。

    教练: “I’ve noticed that Lola asks a lot of questions about where babies come from, and I do my best to provide developmentally appropriate responses. She recently asked, “Do mommies poop out the babies?” I let Lola know that when babies are born, they come out through the mother’s private parts or a doctor uses special tools to help the mother birth the baby another way. These kinds of questions are very typical for children this age and show that Lola is learning about how the body works and the human life cycle. What questions do you have?”

    教练: “I’ve observed Demarcus talking about his genitals in the bathroom, a very typical behavior. He uses the term, “pee pee” and I model the word “penis” for him when he brings up the topic. I teach children the correct names for all body parts, including private parts, because it educates them about their bodies. Also, this is a strategy that experts recommend to prevent sexual abuse. If a child says, for example, that someone touched their “pee pee,” it can be unclear what that means. But if a child says that someone touched their penis, it is very clear what happened. What questions or thoughts do you have about this?”

    领导能力如何支持具有性行为挑战的儿童的家庭

    As discussed in Lesson Six, families with children with sexual behavior challenges may have additional life stressors as a result of their child’s needs. Review the specific ways program leadership can support families:

    • For children who attend intervention appointments in the middle of the day, offer to help the staff and family by getting the child ready to leave. The family member can then quickly pick up their child. This is especially helpful for family members who take time off work for appointments.
    • Keep all paperwork you receive for the child, such as support plans or evaluation reports, organized and readily available. If a family misplaces their documents, offer to make a copy for them.
    • If a child leaves your program to attend intensive treatment for sexual behavior challenges, you or your program administrator can reach out to the family via a phone call to let them know you are thinking of them. Be available to listen if they would like to share updates, but it’s OK if the conversation ends with you sharing your thoughtful message.
    • It is not uncommon for children with sexual behavior challenges to also display normative sexual behaviors. When children and youth have sexual behavior challenges, work withPUBLICa specialist为了传达所观察到的行为范围,所以家庭明白一些性行为是典型的。这可以帮助有性行为的儿童的家庭挑战挑战感到不那么耻辱,了解有关性发展的更多信息。

    HowPUBLICMultidisciplinary Teams SupportChildren with Sexual Behavior Challenges

    直接护理人员将有方案领导的支持,PUBLICa specialist而且家庭在为具有性行为挑战的儿童实施支持计划时。虽然团队方法是最好的,但重要的是每个参与者都有明确定义的角色。查看下面的示例以查看程序如何选择指定特定职责。

    PUBLICSpecialists
    • Complete evaluation and create support plan for child care programs.
    • Recommend and coordinate external intervention (outside of child care program) with family.
    • 协调会议和团队沟通。
    计划领导(管理员和培训与课程专家)
    • Assist direct care professionals when completing the性行为反射工具和other program tools.
    • Review all internal documentation of sexual behaviors.
    • Be present when staff member speaks with children or youth after a sexual behavior incident has occurred; ensure documentation procedures are followed.
    • Put temporary support plans in place while awaiting recommendations fromPUBLICa specialist
    • 作为联系点PUBLIC专家和有关问题或更新的家庭。
    • 担任有关疑问或更新的计划人员的联系点。
    • Ensure that support plans and other documents are placed in child’s file.
    • Ensure that support plan can be implemented (staffing needs, etc.).
    • 模型recommended strategies for direct care staff.
    • Observe and provide feedback to direct care staff.
    Direct Care Staff
    • May work with program leadership or in some cases with teaching team, to complete documentation of sexual behaviors.
    • Inform and receive feedback from program leadership on all sexual behavior documentation.
    • Carry out support plan recommendations and strategies.
    • Bring questions and concerns about support plan implementation and behavior to program leadership.
    • 与计划领导层分享来自家庭的相关沟通。
    • Continue to communicate with family using best practice.

    如果您的计划中有一个教学团队,请关注儿童或青少年以性行为挑战,该团队可能需要对您的典型支持。他们可能会被要求开展对他们来说或可能有一个额外的工作人员为他们的团队提供额外的员工,以便对儿童进行性行为挑战的额外监督。这可能对员工有挑战性和压力。对他们照顾一个需要超越大多数孩子的典型的孩子来说很敏感。

    Observe

    Jane Silovsky, Ph.D., Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, discusses ways coaches can support staff in promoting healthy sexual development and behavior. As you listen to this video, think about the recommendations made and if you are already doing some of these things. Are there new practices you would like to begin in your work as a coach, trainer, or administrator?

    教练ing Staff to Support Children’s Sexual Development

    倾听专家讨论,教练可以支持员工在促进健康的性发展方面。

    您将创建一个节目环境,员工能够反思他们周围的性行为和行为的实践。当您阅读后面的每种方案时,请考虑如何回复。然后阅读建议的方式,您可以与每个工作人员接近局势。

    教练和创建支持性发展的计划Scenarios

    Scenario

    You Observe:

    Carmen使用SLANG术语来参考儿童私人部分。

    你说:

    对工作人员表示:

    • “你对使用正确的儿童私有部分的正确条款了解什么?”
    • “Have you ever observed a staff member or family member using correct terms for children’s private parts? Why do you think they do that?”

    You Do:

    Take Action

    • Set up a time for Carmen to observe you, or another staff who uses correct terms, during diaper changes or when helping children in the bathroom.
    • Provide Carmen with a list of correct terms for parts of the body.

    Scenario

    You Observe:

    • 当学龄前儿童相互交互时,特里经常讲述孩子“停止触摸”。亚慱彩票

    你说:

    对工作人员表示:

    • “I noticed that the children need to be reminded about touch a lot. What can we do so they learn this rule better?”
    • “当被要求停止互相触摸时,孩子们如何回应?”

    You Do:

    Take Action

    • 模型使用积极指导来沟通孩子应该与他们不应该做的事情。
    • 反思其他方式,您可以教孩子们要求触摸的许可。

    Scenario

    You Observe:

    • 你夸张黛安和夏娜讨论了尼古拉斯,一个具有性行为挑战历史的孩子。你听说他们将他称为“性捕食者”,并对尼古拉斯的家人作出判断陈述。

    你说:

    对工作人员表示:

    Individually discuss with these staff members what you heard them say.

    • “I heard you use some strong language when discussing Nicholas and his family. Tell me a bit more about how you are supporting them?”
    • 你对孩子培养性行为挑战的为什么了解什么?“

    You Do:

    Take Action

    • 教练Diane和Shanae了解儿童进一步侮辱,影响儿童的行为,影响儿童对自己的观点。使用课程内容来支持此对话。
    • Encourage Diane and Shanae to learn risk factors for sexual behavior challenges.

    Scenario

    You Observe:

    • Tiffany comes to you complaining about Mason, a program child receiving intervention for sexual behavior challenges. The family’s specialist has recommended that Tiffany discuss safe and unsafe touch with the entire class. Tiffany doesn’t think it’s her job to teach Mason these rules and feels it’s unnecessary to do whole group teaching when only one child has the issue.

    你说:

    对工作人员表示:

    • “How do you think having peers that know about safe and unsafe touch will affect Mason?”
    • “Tell me more about why you feel it’s not your role to teach children this skill?”

    You Do:

    Take Action

    • 提供蒂芙尼有机会反思她的信仰。考虑要求她完成本课程的第一课。
    • Provide Tiffany the opportunity to observe you or another staff member teaching children about safe and unsafe touch.

    Explore

    Explore

    Complete the确定孩子的意图activity to brainstorm whether the described behaviors were reactions or planned occurrences. Reflect on your responses with a colleague.

    Apply

    Apply

    Review the教练ing Conversation: Reflecting on Staff Beliefs附件看看教练如何帮助工作人员如何扩大他们对支持儿童性发展方面的角色的思考。

    Glossary

    Term Description
    Chronological Age 从出生日期测量的人的年龄
    逻辑推理 能够连接两个或多个想法并思考未来后果
    Stigmatize 归因于羞耻或耻辱的信念

    Demonstrate

    Demonstrate
    评估:

    第一季度

    谈论儿童和青少年的性行为挑战时,有几个因素会影响他们的行为。哪两个因素将指导护理人员可能需要最多的帮助?

    第二季

    真的or false? When a child or youth displays sexual behaviors, the following three questions help guide staff members as they think about the child or youth’s developmental abilities: What behavior occurred? What do we want to happen? What can the child do?

    第三季

    Trinka is a coach at a child care program and has been receiving a lot of questions from direct care staff about sexual behaviors. Which strategy should Trinka use to best support the program staff?

    References & Resources:

    Counterman, L. & Kirkwood, D. (2013). Understanding health sexuality and development in young children.Voices of Practitioners (8)2,1-13.

    Future of Sex Education Initiative. (2012). National sexuality education standards: Core content and skills, K-12 [a special publication of the Journal of School Health].

    Hagan,J.F.,Shaw,J.s.,Duncan,P.(EDS)。(2008)。主题8:促进健康的性发展和性行为。在明亮的期货:健康监督婴儿,儿童和青少年的准则(3rded.) (pp.169-176). Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics.

    The National Child Traumatic Stress Network & National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth. (2009). Sexual development and behavior in children: Information for parents and caregivers. Retrieved fromhttps://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources/sexual_development_and_behavior_in_children.pdf