在我们深入探索性行为挑战之前，请记住，您应该始终将孩子们想到一个整个孩子的观点。这意味着儿童的行为和发展，无论多么破坏或延迟，都只是他们是谁的部分。鉴于性发展和行为的敏感性质，鉴于儿童问题，而不是更公开地思考他们的独立性和优势，这很容易。Remember that children’s behavior communicates messages, and an important part of your work as a caregiver is to interpret these messages so you develop a deep understanding of children’s lives, how they relate to the world around them, and the best ways to support their learning and growth.

知道

性行为挑战：警告和问题

现在您对儿童和青年的规范性开发和行为有一个知识，您可能会想知道的发展和行为not规范。也许你在儿童保育工作中观察到性行为，似乎没有进入规范类别或者不容易被重定向。让我们首先定义性行为问题，我们将在整个课程中引用sexual behavior challenges。

请记住，儿童和青少年的性行为发生在连续体内，一个孩子的警示是为了另一个孩子和背景的规范。从课程中查看表格中的表格提醒自己对每种类型的性行为的一般特征。

当您了解有关性行为挑战的更多信息时，这些线条可以变得更加模糊，特别是在考虑儿童意图等因素时。查看下表，了解发展阶段安排的警告和有问题的性行为的例子。请记住，这些示例是指导方针，而不是艰难的规则。什么是规范性行为与性行为挑战的关系可能因各种因素而异（文化和家庭，开发，意图，频率和参与，环境，对他人的影响以及重定向的能力而有所不同。

你的最初感受的行为是什么described? Perhaps you’ve observed some of these behaviors in your work, or you may feel shocked or upset. While it is upsetting to think of children in some of the circumstances described, knowledge builds understanding and awareness. It is difficult to give an estimate for how common sexual behavior problems are in children and youth because there are not definite descriptions for what is normative versus a sexual behavior challenge. Some research suggests 2 to 3 percent of children will demonstrate sexual behaviors problems (Carpentier et al., 2006; Chaffin et al., 2008); whereas, the majority of children display some normative behaviors at some point during childhood (Kellogg, 2009). It is likely that you will encounter children with sexual behavior challenges at some point during your work in child care. The more informed you are about these behaviors, their complex nature, and how to respond, the more supportive you can be to these children and their families.

行为传达消息

从孩子的角度来看，需要一些时间来思考性行为挑战，并记住行为传达信息。当儿童和青年有性行为挑战时，您认为他们试图沟通的消息？当您探索这个问题时，通常会思考挑战性行为可能会有所帮助。“表现出来，”“不服从”和“不适当的行为”往往是缺乏缺乏符合成年人的期望所需的发展和关系的儿童的结果。当孩子们有性行为挑战时，他们往往试图传达以下消息：

当你思考上面的语句中,如何se messages influence your thoughts on children with sexual behavior challenges? Do you see cautionary and problematic sexual behaviors as “acting out,” “disobeying,” and “inappropriate?” Or do you suspect children with sexual behavior challenges feel confused, scared, and unsure of themselves? If you have observed sexual behavior challenges in your program, think back on those experiences and the messages those children may have been trying to communicate. Though we do not view sexual behavior challenges as ideal for children’s development and well-being, some children may have had experiences where these behaviors are adaptive for them or provide them something they need. For example, some children engage in sexual behaviors to cope with trauma or to gain relational closeness with others (Gilgum, 2006).

性行为挑战的危险因素

由于各种原因，儿童发生了性行为问题，并且通常有多种因素为有这些行为有助于儿童和青年。审查增加儿童和青少年性行为问题的可能性的风险因素。

Children with sexual behavior challenges often exhibit other challenging behaviors and social difficulties such as a lack of impulse control, difficulty following the rules, difficulty making friends or initiating play with others, and limited self-regulations skills. Learn more about challenging behaviors including prevention strategies and how to provide appropriate supports to children experiencing behavior challenges in the VLS Focused Topics CourseSupporting Children with Challenging Behaviors。

当儿童和青少年的性行为可能是虐待的迹象

If you recall the information you’ve learned elsewhere on the Virtual Lab School, there are some shared risk factors for sexual behavior challenges and child abuse and neglect. Nevertheless, it is importantnotto assume that children with sexual behavior problems have also been abused. There are many instances where children with no history of abuse or neglect have sexual behavior challenges. Review the Child Abuse: Identification & Reporting course if you need support in determining whether an observed sexual behavior may be a sign of abuse and warrants a mandated report. This can be very difficult to do, and these situations are often stressful and upsetting for child care professionals. If you are unsure whether you should make a report or if you feel you need support after making a report, speak with a coach, trainer, or administrator. Remember that it is not your role to determine if abuse has actually occurred, but you have fulfilled your duty as a mandated reporter and possibly stopped child abuse from further occurring when you report suspected and definitive child abuse and neglect.

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当成年人认识到他们早期有这些挑战时，有性性行为挑战的儿童受益匪浅。听取专家描述性行为挑战，可能使孩子更容易发生的危险因素，以及帮助儿童克服性行为挑战的保护区因素或条件。保护因素通过逆境支持儿童。当保护区导致儿童福祉最小化时，您能想到其他情况吗？

Sexual Behavior Challenges

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语言问题：谈到儿童和青年，性行为挑战

当您在对儿童和青年中的性发展和行为的考虑时，在本课程中的一个课程中的反思机会思考。您了解到，围绕本课题有广泛的文化和个人信仰，影响了一个人的舒适程度，也是对儿童的性行为的影响。当您与有关儿童和青年的同事和家庭沟通时，请记住这一点。类似于当您谈论残疾儿童时，使用人的第一语言。例如，“洛拉有性​​性行为挑战历史”是首选，“洛拉是一个问题的孩子，”性罪犯，“施虐者”或“性掠夺者”。鉴于将受到基于研究的干预的性行为挑战的绝大多数儿童不会将这些行为持续到青春期和成年人（Silovsky，Swisher，Widdifield，＆Burris，2012），这条术语令人难以置信。用于描述具有性行为挑战的儿童的语言可以影响您的计划的社区和其他支持系统，如儿童福利和执法，做出决定。诸如“性罪犯”的术语可以对执法人员中的某些术语具有对儿童发展的培训几乎没有或没有培训。对于被判犯有性犯罪的人来说，性犯罪者是一个法律术语。此外，我们在以这种方式标记它们时，我们会发出什么消息？ How do you think children and youth feel when they are called terms such as “deviant”? Children, their families, and the community may interpret some terms to mean that these children are bad, rather than guiding them to understand that what they did was wrong, but it does not mean they are bad children. Shaming children can deeply affect their social-emotional well-being and future behaviors, and it is important to use a whole-child point of view when supporting children with sexual behavior challenges. Review the examples below for appropriate versus inappropriate terms for children with sexual behavior challenges.

防止性行为挑战through Community-Wide Safe Media and Technology Use

考虑媒体和技术在我们生活中的持久作用。As it becomes more common for families to have various electronic devices in their homes and for children and youth to spend increasing amounts of time on them, many children’s access to sexually explicit content occurs earlier and through more mediums (TV, social media, internet search, print). Even in family environments where there is close supervision of children and their media use, it is impossible to control everything children are exposed to.

同行可以严重影响其他孩子的性知识。受到密切关注美国儿科学院建议的家庭的儿童（婴儿，幼儿和学龄前儿童亚慱彩票;School-Age Children) attend programs with children from families who may have devices on throughout the day with limited supervision. Most families’ practices may be somewhere in the middle, but know that the children in your program have diverse experiences with media at home. Children with more knowledge and exposure to sexual content through media may talk about what they’ve seen and heard with peers, and the sexual knowledge of one child in your program can influence the sexual knowledge of many other children.

让我们考虑媒体使用如何影响性行为的严重程度或类型。两个7岁的孩子可能会搞，“告诉我你的人，我会告诉你我的行为并互相暴露他们的私人部分。这是它自己的是一种奇妙驱动的规范性行为，并且可能是无害的。如果这种情况下的孩子使用平板电脑并开始拍摄儿童的生殖器，这成为一个更严重的问题，并且在某些法律下可能被视为儿童色情内容。虽然您无法控制家庭住宅中发生的事情，但家庭生活经历在您的计划中影响儿童的知识和行为。建立社区对媒体的认识媒体曝光可能对性行为创造一个更了解如何防止性行为挑战的社区。