Know

Think about how you use social skills every day. When you wait your turn to comment during a meeting, receive constructive criticism from a spouse or sibling, apologize, spend time with a friend or accept others’ differences, you are using the social skills you learned as a child. You also use your social skills when adjusting to new situations and getting to know new people. This can occur when you take a new exercise class or attend a meeting at a community organization for the first time. These new and unfamiliar situations can be difficult for many people, especially if transitions and change are hard to accept. As a caregiver for school-age children, it is important that you find ways to interact with other adults so children can observe your use of social skills. When you interact with your own family members or families of the children in your care, be sure to always model the skills you teach the children in your program.

Children tend to focus on themselves and the world around them. They are working hard to learn and discover how their environment can help them learn, develop, and imagine. They are focused on how they can make sense of the world around them and relate it to themselves. As children grow, they are expected to develop skills that allow them to interact more broadly. To do this, school-age children must go outside of their own world and take other people’s emotions, cultures, and perspectives into consideration.

里程碑

Let’s look at school-age children’s social-emotional development. The chart below provides an overview of the social-emotional developmental milestones in school-age children adapted from the book,教师需要了解社会和情绪nal Development由R.Leyden和E. Shale：

Typical Social-Emotional Development of School-Age Children

学龄儿童和社会情感发展

When you provide care to school-age children, part of your role is to observe the children in your care. You can accomplish this by using a variety of developmental guidelines to support children and their families. Because having a solid foundation of social-emotional development is crucial for a child’s success in school and in life, it is important to observe children and document their growth. When observing a child’s social-emotional development, you should look at a variety of components such as:

The Ability to Establish and Maintain Relationships

关系是社会情绪发展的核心。孩子建立和保持关系的能力是他们发展的一个非常重要的方面。这主要是在孩子制作和保持朋友的能力中看到。根据美国儿科学院，友谊允许儿童“扩大他们超越家庭单位的视野，开始体验外界，形成自我形象，并开发社会支持系统。”由于关系对孩子的社交发展至关重要，因此课程将致力于本课程后的主题。

The Ability to Manage Emotions

As children grow, they learn to regulate their emotions and feelings. The emotional surges we see in young children, such as crying when separating from their family or hitting when they become frustrated, will begin to lessen as children grow older. School-age children will begin to have a better understanding of what emotions are and will be able to discuss how they are feeling. Feelings of sympathy and empathy for others also develop.

The Ability to Cope with Stress

As adults, we know that stress can be the result of a variety of circumstances and it can be overwhelming if we don’t find a way to cope with it. You might cope with stress by going for a walk, spending some time with friends, exercising, or taking time for your favorite hobby. Other ways adults cope with stress are deep breathing, meditation, or visiting a therapist or counselor. As adults, we know when a situation is causing too much stress and we can decide to use one of these methods to help alleviate the stressor. School-age children are just beginning to learn how to identify and deal with stress in their lives. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the following are the most common circumstances that cause school-age children to worry:

• Feeling sick
• 无关
• Not having enough money
• 感到压力以获得良好的成绩
• Feeling left out of a group of peers
• 没有与父母一起度过足够的时间
• 没有做作业
• 在运动中不够好
• Not being able to dress as desired
• 体验身体变革
• Being late for school
• Being smaller than other children of the same age
• Having parents argue in front of them
• Not getting along with teachers
• Being overweight or bigger than other children of the same age
• 移动
• 改变学校
• Arguing with parents about rules in the family
• Adjusting to parents separating or divorcing
• Being pressured to try something they didn’t really want to (e.g., smoking)

For children of military service members, these experiences may also cause worry:

• Deployment of a family member
• 即将到来或最近的驻地永久变化

学龄儿童正在学习如何认识到什么导致压力以及它如何yabo电子游艺影响他们的行为。有些孩子可能仍然公开行动他们的感受，而其他孩子则会对自己的压力保持压力。我们希望儿童学习如何以健康和积极的方式管理他们的压力。与家庭保持沟通线路将帮助您提醒您是否可能在家或学校遇到压力局面。作为儿童生命中的重要照顾者，为孩子们可能超负荷的迹象很重要，所以你可以帮助他们以健康的方式应对它。根据美国儿科学院的说法，压力过载的常见迹象是孩子：

• Develops physical symptoms such as headaches or stomach pains
• Appears restless, tired and agitated
• 出现郁闷，对情绪无疑问
• 变得烦躁，消极，并且在活动中表现出很少的兴奋或乐趣
• 对曾经非常重要的活动似乎不太感兴趣
• 在学校看到成绩开始堕落
• 在参加课程和做作业方面的利息不那么兴趣
• 展示反社会行为，如撒谎和偷窃，忘记或拒绝做家务或任务，似乎更依赖于家庭成员或教师而不是过去

See

Social Emotional Development

Do

As a family child care provider, you support school-age children’s social-emotional development. You can do this by:

• 为儿童提供机会来识别和理解自己的感受和情感，并与他人讨论
• 鼓励批判性思维，解决问题和监督风险
• Working hard to create an environment that is structured and safe and that allows children to learn and discover
• 展示对他人的尊重
• Providing an environment that recognizes, embraces, and celebrates diversity
• 提供一种培养和包容到具有特殊需求的儿童的环境
• 承认所有儿童对社区的贡献
• Encouraging children and youth to experiment with a variety of activities, materials, and experiences to discover talents and preferences