Know

The factors that go into developing who we become are endless. Our family traditions, cultural beliefs, customs, environment, location, and economic status are some of the major factors that play a role in how we develop as individuals. It is important to remember that all children are individuals with varied backgrounds, family beliefs, and life experiences.

您家庭的儿童保育计划需要日常机会，亚慱彩票APP在一个安全和支持的环境中，参与允许他们探索和庆祝他们正在增长的人的经验和活动。正如你在自我发现和身份的过程中有意义地从事孩子，你应该向他们提供持续的多种机会来探索他们的兴趣，与令人兴奋的材料进行互动，尝试新事物，并学习。您可能已经有一个“所有关于我”或“我的家庭”角落在您的家庭护理中，您可以在您的计划中腾出时间来探索多样性，儿童的利益或独特的人才。亚慱彩票APP您应该在您的计划中每天均削除促进健康的自我和身份感。

Experiences and Activities that Promote Children’s Sense of Self

Consider the following as ways to continue to help the children in your care feel important, understood, confident and successful. Also, take time to review the article, Supportive Care for Infants and Toddlers with Special Health Needs athttp://www.spiritlakeconsulting.com/SLC/sharedfiles/library/books/NAEYC_health.pdf。

Embracing Diversity

To understand anti-bias education, it may be helpful to reflect on how an anti-bias program or environment helps children and others learn to see themselves. In the words of Louise Derman-Sparks (2010), “In the anti-bias classroom, children learn to be proud of themselves and their families, to respect human differences, to recognize bias, and to speak up for what is right.” These are outcomes that most educators would agree are important, but it takes a great deal of intentionality to make them a reality. Anti-bias educators are thoughtful every day of the subtle ways bias is embedded into systems and experiences. They are mindful of the impact that media messages, choices of program materials, and responses to questions have on children’s development of self. They plan experiences around four main goals of anti-bias education (Derman-Sparks & Edwards, 2010):

1. Each child will demonstrate self-awareness, confidence, family pride, and positive social identities.这是反偏见教育的基础，必须在其他目标之前解决。计划通过确保（a）所有家庭和家庭结构在计划中可见并尊重，（b）儿童在材料和课程中看到自己，（c）儿童有经验让他们探索种族，文化，语言和经济差异。
2. Each child will express comfort and joy with human diversity, accurate language for human differences, and deep, caring human connections.Programs do this by embracing and exploring the similarities and differences within each child’s environment, program, and—eventually—community. They help children learn about people as individuals.
3. Each child will increasingly recognize unfairness, have language to describe unfairness, and understand that unfairness hurts.
4. Each child will demonstrate empowerment and the skills to act, with others or alone, against prejudice or discriminatory actions.

We encourage you to explore the readings in the References & Resources section for practical ideas and reflection on anti-bias education.

拥抱多个社会身份

孩子们开始开发一个复杂的感觉of self and learn that they can have multiple social identities. Each child in your program is much more than their gender, age, race, or physical features. While some children may be encouraged to strongly identify with these parts of their identities, it’s important to remind all children that they have many different identities. For example, you may have a child in your family child care program who thinks of herself as a daughter, sister, friend, helper, and dog-lover. Others may think of themselves as painters, singers, and future firefighters.

You can influence and expand how children see themselves by pointing out, in a positive and encouraging way, that they have many traits and interests. Encouraging children to embrace their multiple social identities develops their sense of self and helps them become more flexible when thinking about others’ identities. For example, flexible thinking about others’ could be observing a group of boys playing with trains and thinking of them as children who like to play with trains rather than thinking that only boys like to play with trains. Flexible thinking about others allows children to be more open and accepting of others’ interests and attributes.

认识到他们多种身份的儿童可能会培养更好的解决问题的技能和更好的能力与他人合作。这有助于他们提出更多和创造性的日常问题。您可能会假装在您的节目环境中播放家庭生活项目，如菜肴和食品，可能会不时丢失。一个灵活性和创造性问题的孩子可以识别出厨房里没有更多的围裙，而是可以在婴儿毯子中抽出一个“围裙”。

拥抱性格

如在课程中突出显示，我们的自我感包括我们认为对自己最重要的角色，属性，行为和关联（Ylvisaker，2006）。性格和人格特质是帮助我们发展我们作为个人的元素的例子;这些通过与他人的互动进行培养和培养，塑造我们当前和未来的生命。

您的计划可能会使用正式的性格教育课程。一个例子是约瑟夫森研究所的角色计数课程。本课程提出了六大柱的性格。无论您是使用此类或任何其他性格教育课程，还要考虑这六大支柱可能影响自我，积极关系和骄傲的身份和文化的方式：

这些支柱如何指导或塑造您的工作？他们如何引导或塑造您的个人生活？花几分钟才能思考这六个柱子如何塑造你对促进自我意识的孩子所做的工作。

发展儿童的利益

运动员，音乐家或演员的传记经常表明他们开始作为孩子的工艺品。您为孩子们计划的活动和经验对自我感的发展非常重要。随着年龄较大的孩子们培养自我意识，他们正在尝试新的活动和经验来了解他们的个人兴趣，技能和才能。根据理事会审理学校和青年发展方案的认证标准，提供者应该：

• Recognize and support the range of interest and talents in children.
• Recognize and respond to the range of children’s feelings and temperaments.
• 展示对儿童文化和语言的兴趣和相关。

It is important to always include the needs and interests of children based upon your observations and documentation when creating activity plans. Children will enjoy helping you create plans, brainstorm activity ideas, and share their own ideas for activities and experiences. You can help support children’s interests in a variety of ways:

• 包括始终提供的各种活动，例如艺术，写作，阅读，建筑，戏剧性戏剧和发现。始终允许在环境中发生创造性的体验。
• Be flexible and attuned to the changing needs and interests of the children. Observe how children are using the materials, and encourage their creativity and imagination.
• Help children to become engaged and focused on an activity. Provide them with necessary time, space, materials, and direction to complete projects and activities.
• Observe and listen to children as they share their interests with you. Try to include the interests of the children whenever possible and appropriate.
• Let children showcase their talents and skills. Older school-aged children can provide demonstrations and lessons on a specific talent or interest that they can share with their peers and younger children.

长期项目

基于项目的学习有助于支持孩子yabo电子游艺们对发展积极自我意识的旅程。项目鼓励调查，合作，重点，决心，发现和创造力。项目可以以各种方式在学习环境中使用。yabo电子游艺他们可以是儿童主导的，孩子们在那里决定项目并努力创建完成目标所需的步骤或阶段。对于这种类型的项目，他们可能正在完成长期艺术项目，规划人才展示，或进行实验以测试科学理论。项目也可以由家庭或社区成员创建和指导。这些类型的项目可能正在创建和维护花园或共同努力解决影响所有儿童的问题。所有项目都有一个目标，它正在努力，通常具有沿着展示进度的方式完成的某种文档。

项目帮助支持独立，因为他们鼓励：

• Self-instruction: Projects allow children to experience self-motivated learning. Instead of having an adult driving their progress, they are the ones taking the steps to move the project forward. They then can experience the success of hard work and what it takes to make their project flourish.
• 深度调查：项目允许儿童创造性和科学思考。您鼓励该过程，而不是产品，并允许儿童发现，调查和收集信息和经验。
• 儿童启动：在大多数教育流程中，成年人是迈出的，准备儿童熟练考试并确定学习必须采取的道路。yabo电子游艺项目允许儿童汇集缰绳以引领他们的学习。yabo电子游艺他们可以决定主题，阶段，文件和目标方法。
• Curiosity: The innocence and passion found in children is demonstrated by their avid curiosity for the world around them. Children are naturally curious about their world. They want to take information in and find a way to understand what it means to them. Projects are a way to harness this curiosity in a productive and creative way. Children can ask questions, determine the learning process, and work toward new goals.

榜样和关系

大多数生活经历都涉及别人。我们无法进入我们的日常生活而不遇到别人。想想你对别人的关系。你与家人和朋友有着强烈的纽带。你有专业的关系。您也与您考虑熟人的人进行了非正式关系。孩子们正在学习如何建立和维yabo电子游艺持健康的关系。他们的友谊是基于超过邻近或便利性的友谊和更多关于共同利益和目标。他们正在成为家庭之外的其他成年人，例如提供者，教师，导师，教练等。

作为家庭护亚慱彩票APP理提供者，您有机会帮助孩子学习如何建立和维持健康的关系。您将通过建模，鼓励和指导来完成此操作。根据理事会审理学校和青年发展方案的认证标准，提供者应与儿童互动并以积极的方式与他们互动：

• 帮助孩子们感到欢迎，舒适，支持
• 承认积极的成就
• Treat all children with respect
• Listen to what children say and respond to them with interest, acceptance, and appreciation
• 保持一致，然后通过你说的是你会做的

Embracing Culturally Responsive Experiences

Culturally responsive experiences are those that help children see themselves represented in your program. This may mean opportunities for self-reflection and expression. It may also mean broad exposure to people, ideas, and experiences from around the world. Exposure to the world around them sparks curiosity and creative thinking in children. You should provide experiences that help children define a sense of self and a sense of the world around them. This may include racial or ethnic identity, but it can also include identities related to family values, beliefs, or experiences. For example, children may explore the culture of living on a military installation, being an only child, or transitioning to kindergarten.

Strengthening Families

Families are critical partners in your programs. You have a commitment to respect families and to help each family feel proud of its identity and culture. Recall these family-centered practices that were introduced in the Family Engagement course:

Family-Centered Practice- 以家庭为中心的实践是一组影响我们互动家庭的信念和行动。
信仰	行动
Families are the most important decision-makers in a child’s life.	我们了解家庭的想法和偏好。 We provide choices in programming. We involve families in program leadership. 我们涉及在决策中的家庭。
Families are unique and their differences enrich our programs.	We honor and respect diversity. 我们涉及孩子生命中的所有重要人物。 我们聘请并涉及家庭。 我们制定敏感和互惠关系。 We represent families in our programs.
Families are resilient.	We learn about families’ strengths, needs, and circumstances. We connect families with resources. We build families’ strengths.
Families are central to development and learning.	We share information with families. 我们听家人。 We view families as their child’s first teacher. We respect families’ expertise about their child.
家庭是我们的合作伙伴。	我们使用尊重，响应和双向沟通。 我们接触家庭。 我们涉及我们计划的各个方面的家庭。

These practices help families feel respected and valued. They also help families gain confidence and a sense of their role in your program.

Families everywhere go through times in their lives when they need help accessing information to help them navigate the circumstances they are dealing with. And you may be just the person they come to for help. A family member may have a question or concern, and you may be asked to provide information, suggestions, or recommendations about a variety of topics, such as child development, challenging behavior, literacy, in- and out-of-school activities, community connections, health-care providers, and so forth. Sometimes you may have answers, and sometimes you may have to look for answers. Above all, if a family member shares a need or concern with you, respect their privacy.

与家人沟通他们孩子的发展感

Cultural practices deeply influence how adults support children’s development of self. All children develop in the context of their cultural background and their family’s values. It is important that you demonstrate respect for each family and child enrolled in your program.

Collaborating with family members is a significant aspect of your work in family child care. You will need to build relationships with each family to understand their values and beliefs. Having written policies and program rules posted can assist family members in understanding the caregiving practices their children will encounter in your family child care program.

Demonstrating mutually respectful and trusting relationships for all children and families must always be your goal. Your role is critical to maintaining a warm, responsive environment where children feel safe to develop their sense of self.

Reducing Stress: Taking Care of Yourself while Taking Care of Others

正如第三课，照顾好自己，思考自己的健康就像照顾和为你周围的人一样重要。重要的是能够承认自己和他人的压力迹象。下表确定了成年人的压力迹象。

When you see signs of stress in yourself, take action. You will find “stress busting” resources in the Apply section.

当您在管理自己的压力方面发展技能时，您也应该观察您计划中的儿童以获得压力的迹象。响应压力的第一步是识别何时存在问题并帮助访问资源。寻找儿童压力的这些迹象：

See

随着这些提供者描述他们为自我保健和其工作中的重要性描述了他们的工作。

亚慱彩票APP家庭儿童护理提供者的自我感觉：自我保健实践

做

幼儿经历压力作为发展和学习的正常部分。yabo电子游艺压力可能来自不同的经历，积极和消极。虽然您无法保护所有儿童免受压力经验，但与幼儿的关怀，安全和可预测的关系可以帮助保护它们免受压力的影响。当您支持遇到压力的儿童时，考虑以下策略：

• Stay close to young children in your care, reassure them, and let them know you are there as they move away and explore.
• 使用平静舒缓的声音提供压力变化体验的简单解释。（“你想念你的爸爸。他正在考虑你，午睡后会来，他的工作完成了。让我们一起看他的照片。”）
• 帮助孩子们把强烈的情绪放入言辞中。
• Encourage children to use their words to express their wants and needs with you and with their peers.
• Engage with children’s families and learn about what is going on in their lives.