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家庭儿童保育比率亚慱彩票APP

To determine the number of children to safely enroll in your family child care program, it is important to consider

• 如果你一个人工作
• 如果你也要照顾自己的孩子
• The number of children or individuals requiring significant assistance for whom you can safely care

It is also critical that you check with the licensing standards in your state and with your family child care administrator to know exactly how many children and of what ages you can safely care for at one time.

国防部在考虑家庭托儿所的比率时遵循以下准则：亚慱彩票APP

一个家庭的最大群体规模是每个提供者6个孩子，包括提供者自己8岁以下的孩子。

1. 当所有儿童都在两岁以下时，任何时候的最大群体规模为三人。
2. In mixed-age groups, the number of children under two years of age is limited to two children.
3. 当所有的孩子都到了上学的年龄时，最大的群体规模是8人。

一般来说，安全比率小型家庭托儿亚慱彩票APP所，如果有一个成人提供者，则表示：

• 不超过6名儿童，包括提供者自己8岁以下的儿童
• No more than two children or individuals who are incapable of self-preservation—in other words, under the age of 2 or older than 2 but with particular special needs. It is important to consider the level of assistance a particular child or person may need, as the overall ratio in the family care setting may need to be lowered to safely care for all individuals when there is a child with significant developmental or physical needs.

在一些州或机构内，例如在军事部门内，家庭儿童保育提供者可以开展业务亚慱彩票APP婴儿保育院，所有被照顾的儿童都在2岁以下（或在某些州，是3岁）。在这些家庭中，安全比率不超过三个孩子，再次包括提供者自己的孩子。

此外，一些家庭托儿所可能提供亚慱彩票APP一夜之间或长期护理如果孩子在夜间或几周内（可能是在父母的服务培训或部署期间）呆在家庭护理提供者的家中。有关延长护理和夜间护理的说明，请向您的服务机构或当地许可机构咨询夜间护理和延长护理所需的比率。

再次强调，检查你所在州或你的特定计划的规定是很重要的，但是过夜或延长护理的安全比率不超过三个孩子，包括提供者自己8岁以下的孩子。对许多幼儿进行长时间的仔细观察可能是一个挑战；这些隔夜和长期护理比率是为了支持提供者的积极监督。

许多州还允许提供者实施一项大型家庭儿童保育计划（有时称为集体之家），其中至少有两名成人提供者和更多的儿童亚慱彩票APP（例如，通常有8至12名儿童）。大型家庭托儿所在不同的州和不同的组织有不同的定义。所以再次强调，检查你所在州或机构的标准是很重要的。这类设置的注册限制也可能由您家内外可用的物理空间决定。

Maintaining appropriate ratios is critical to ensuring safe and high-quality care. Exceeding the ratios defined by your state or agency can make it difficult to provide good supervision and appropriately meet the basic needs of the children in your care; it can put the children and you at great risk. Beyond safety concerns, maintaining the defined ratios helps ensure that you can provide the time and engaged attention to individually support each child’s healthy development. According to Howes, Philips, and Whitebook (1992), when providers become overly taxed with their time, they are far less likely to have one-on-one conversations or plan quality experiences. And consider what you may feel like in a crowded space. Crowded spaces can make many people feel nervous or angry, and this can affect their behavior—they may become defensive, aggressive or withdrawn. The same can be true for children; the ratio standards help all individuals in your program, including you, feel secure and calm.

Who counts in ratio and when do ratios apply?

The ratios outlined above help to identify which children to count when determining ratio. All children present in the home, including one’s own, under the age of 8 (or for some states and agencies, ages 12 years and younger), must be considered when determining child-to-provider ratios. The child-to-provider ratio applies all the time, even if some children are sleeping. As discussed more below, supervision practices may be different overnight, and family child care providers may take a few minutes for personal time (e.g., to use the restroom), but defined ratios should always be maintained.

需要注意的是，虽然在您家中生活的所有个人在您可以照顾您家中的孩子之前都需要接受背景调查，但这些个人不算是提供者，除非他们也是您家庭儿童保育计划的雇员。虽然家庭成员或附近的家庭成员或朋友可能是你的指定备份，在紧急情况下，或如果你生病，你是主要的提供者，应该在家里的任何时候。除了很短的时间去照顾个人的需要，只有你（或大家庭托儿所，你和一个助理）应该算作提供者的比例。亚慱彩票APP

监督

监督描述了成年人帮助保护儿童免受伤害或其他伤害的方式。监督是一个积极的过程。它包括观察、倾听、互动、监控和预防问题。

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (Caring for Our Children, 2011), "active and positive supervision" involves:

• 了解每个孩子的能力
• 建立清晰简单的安全规则
• 了解并扫描潜在的安全隐患
• 站在战略位置，这样你就可以一次看到所有的孩子
• 扫描游戏活动并在区域内传播
• Focusing on the positive rather than the negative to teach what is safe for the child and other children
• 教导儿童正确安全地使用每件设备（例如，坐着时使用剪刀，只能在安全的材料上切割，因为不安全地使用剪刀会导致伤害）

You can see that supervision is much more than watching. It involves all your skills as a teacher and caregiver. Supervision is your responsibility and commitment to the families who have trusted you with their children. It includes completing your daily safety checklists each morning to ensure a safe environment, but it also includes your interaction and helpful guidance to support children’s healthy development.

家庭儿童护理的监督可能比以中心亚慱彩票APP为基础的环境更复杂。作为一个单独的供应商，你必须更具战略性，因为你是唯一一套成人的耳朵和眼睛，以确保儿童的安全。在下面的“探索”部分中，我们请您考虑一些家庭儿童保育环境中常见的监管挑战。我们还将继续在今后的教训中突出重要的监管实践，因为环境设置等问题会影响监管质量。

Regarding supervision, the National Association for Family Child Care (2013) states that these should take place:

• 3岁以下的儿童始终在医疗机构的视线内，除非医疗机构照顾他们自己的个人需要长达5分钟。医疗机构保证所有儿童的安全，同时照顾他们自己的个人需要。
• Children age 3 and older may be out of the provider’s line of sight for short periods of time, as long as the provider is close by and listens carefully to assure all children are safe.
• 6岁以下的儿童从不单独在室内或室外活动。当孩子在里面时，提供者在里面。当孩子在外面时，提供者在外面。

常规护理期间的监督

我们将在健康课程中更详细地讨论喂养和如厕。然而，由于这是一个更复杂的监管时间，特别是在家庭儿童保育环境中，我们强调以下最佳监管实践。这些对于婴儿、幼儿和幼儿来说尤其重要。亚慱彩票APP亚慱彩票

喂养

喂食期间请遵循以下安全监督指南：

• 奶瓶喂养的婴儿应在奶瓶喂养期间保持。
• 较大的婴儿和蹒跚学步的儿童在进食和饮水时应始终坐着。儿童在移动时窒息或受伤的风险更大。
• 你需要靠近正在进食的幼儿，并保持视觉监督。窒息是无声的意外。

尿布和如厕

For infants and toddlers, remember during diapering to keep a hand on the child at all times. Having materials prepared before diapering allows your hands to stay on task. Toileting routines exposes toddlers to water deep enough for drowning. Hand washing may involve a step stool, which toddlers can fall from. Remember, these types of care-giving routines may be routine for you, but they aren't for toddlers. Their motor skills are still developing. They are still learning to coordinate and balance, so accidents are more prone to occur. Bathrooms are not easy environments to make safe, so your awareness of hazards is crucial to prevent injury.

对于接受过如厕训练的学龄前儿童和年龄亚慱彩票较大的儿童来说，如厕期间的隐私是合适的，但你仍然应该在附近，这样你就可以在需要时听到和帮助。你还可以帮助确保每个孩子上完厕所后洗手。

在家庭亚慱彩票APP儿童护理环境中，了解适合孩子年龄和发育水平的尿布和如厕时间表有助于监督。例如，您可能已经设置了一天中的过渡时间，让所有儿童都能同时如厕和尿布，这样您就可以方便地观察和帮助所有儿童。你也可以准备一小篮书或一套安全的操作工具，让孩子们读完后可以阅读或探索。确定每天如厕和尿布的时间将有助于你和孩子养成安全的习惯。

毫无疑问会有事故或脏diapers that need to be changed outside of the schedule you establish. Before you open your program each morning, it’s important to have your bathroom and diapering area well stocked so all materials you will need are ready. You also need to consider, in the event that an immediate diaper or toileting visit is necessary, how you will supervise the other children. What safe activities can you temporarily provide and what safe space can you temporarily place the other children in so you can attend to the child who needs changing?

Arrival and Departure

到达和离开的例行程序是在家中转移护理。在抵达时问候每个家庭成员和孩子是一种有意识和明显的策略，可以说“我知道你在这里，我很高兴。”这对家庭说，他们的孩子正在向你的照顾过渡。离境也是如此。当他们到达时向家人致意，并向孩子和家人道别，这样就完成了过渡。

为了照顾每个孩子，你应该为你和你的家人准备一个签到、签退程序，这样你就有了出发日期和时间以及接送孩子的成人姓名的记录。儿童只能交给获准接送他们的成年人。你应该从每个孩子的父母或监护人那里得到一份签字的表格，上面注明谁可以接他们，什么时候可以接他们。对于一些孩子，你可能有关于他们监护安排的额外文件。咨询您的家庭儿童保育管理员，了解有关监护安排和争议家庭的政策。孩子只能交给有监护权的父母。亚慱彩票APP

每个家庭的亚慱彩票APP儿童保育环境都是不同的

Each family child care setting is unique; you will need to adapt the supervision to the children in your care—not only based on their age and developmental level, but also on their unique personalities, strengths, and interests. For example, for infants, especially those that are becoming mobile, or for toddlers who are just learning how to safely get their needs met, your proximity will let you directly help if, for example, an infant begins to grasp onto another child’s body to help her stand or a toddler needs help with the language to request the toy he wants. When determining the level of direct, engaged supervision necessary for various activities, consider the type, complexity, and level of risk involved. More supervision may be necessary when learning a new or difficult skill. Less supervision may be necessary in activities like reading or playing with soft blocks. Independence for older children should be respected and encouraged, although this should be balanced with direct engagement during appropriate activities.

隔夜监督

If you are caring for a child for more than 24 hours, you are permitted to sleep sometime between the hours of 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. if all the children in your program are also sleeping. For overnight or extended care, you can watch no more than three children under the age of 8 years. If you are caring for children overnight, you should have mechanisms to safely monitor their sleep (e.g., an audio or visual monitor).

看到了吗

保持比率

Do

监督is not a solitary task. You supervise best while interacting with the children in your care. You and the children will be talking, singing, giggling, making discoveries, having quiet time, sharing a book, exploring toys and materials, sharing one-on-one time, and engaging with peers.

因为你的监督，你照顾的孩子可以自由地了解他们自己，他们的环境，和他们周围的人，这促进了一个整体的发展方法。积极的监督有助于儿童认知、社会情感和交际能力的发展。

说到监督，可以尝试以下策略：

• 预测孩子们的行动。
• Move through all of the spaces where children are.
• 经常扫描区域以确保安全。
• Limit contact with other adults, a cell phone, the television, or other electronic distraction.
• 在肚子痛的时候，要让婴儿伸手可及。
• Consistently check equipment for damage.
• Frequently make eye contact with children.
• 尿布时，始终用一只手放在婴儿身上。
• 立即采取行动防止受伤。
• 在游戏和学习过程中提供互动和支持。yabo电子游艺
• 迅速和有效地应对儿童distress.
• Provide closer supervision for high-risk activities.
• 当移动婴儿或较大的儿童靠近时，坐在靠近非移动婴儿的位置。
• 总是让婴儿仰卧睡觉。
• 对于幼儿，在场支持每个孩子安全使用厕所。
• 对于年龄较大的学龄前亚慱彩票儿童和学龄儿童，在如厕期间提供隐私，但仍然能够在需要时听到和帮助。
• For young children, be present and closely watch each child wash his or her hands.
• Remain in an arm's reach of young children who are eating.
• 与即将入睡、正在入睡或正在醒来的儿童保持视觉接触。

请记住，一个强大的提供者能够同时与一个孩子或一小群孩子互动，也许一起看书或探索玩面团，同时也能监控她或他所照顾的所有孩子。对于家庭儿童护理提供者，您应该花时间确定是否有某些活动对您来说更难与一些儿童接触并安全地监督所有儿童。对于这些特定的活动，花点时间计划一下如何让所有的孩子一次参与到这些活动中来是很有用的。你如何确保这些经验是开放的，足以容纳不同发展水平的孩子，使他们都能参与，你可以更有效地监督？如果其他孩子参与的活动需要你更多的监督，你还可以帮助确定孩子们亚慱彩票APP可能选择的低监督活动。