知道

在你的家庭儿童保亚慱彩票APP健计划,一些孩子ay still wear diapers, some children may just be learning to use the toilet, and others may have already mastered toileting. Family child care providers must know how to safely change a child’s diaper, how to patiently and respectfully help a young child learn how to use the toilet, and how to respond sensitively to toileting accidents. Children are fascinated by their bodies and all the things their bodies can do. They may also be fascinated—and sometimes fearful—of the restrooms they use every day. They approach the restroom the same way they learn about other things: by exploring. They might love to flush the toilets, turn faucets on and off, watch toilet paper unroll, and explore the sounds their voices make in the restroom. Unfortunately, all of this learning can come at a price. Restrooms are full of bacteria and as a caregiver, you must be prepared to promote learning and healthy hygiene.

It is critical to keep restrooms and changing areas clean in your child care program. Diapering and toileting are major sources of contamination. Unsanitary practices can put you and children at risk for illness and infection. This lesson will focus on general practices for maintaining hygienic diapering and toileting practices and procedures for helping a child who has had an accident.

At some point, you will likely help a young child learn how to use the toilet. Toileting accidents are a typical part of the “potty training” process for many children, as it may take time for them appropriately recognize and respond to the signals in their bodies. The best way to prevent accidents is to maintain regular toileting routines and carefully watch for signs that a child needs to use the restroom. Holding the genital area, squirming, or moving uncomfortably could all mean a child needs to use the restroom.

You should diaper young children or encourage them to try using the restroom at least every two hours. For toilet-trained children, be sure to remind them to use the restroom before you go outside, go on a field trip, or begin any new activity that involves leaving your family child care home. These are also important times to diaper children who are not yet toilet trained.

Diapering Procedures

Diapering and toileting procedures are designed to reduce contamination of surfaces, including hands, equipment, materials and floors. Following approved procedures will help to eliminate contamination and recontamination of surfaces.

Diapering procedures involve many steps; each is important and must be followed to reduce the risk of contamination. For cloth diapers, be sure to follow your licensing agency or Service specific guidelines. The following Diapering Procedure, recommended byCaring for Our Children(2015), depicts eight steps, each step consisting of several tasks. As always, adhere to your Service’s diapering procedures.

For more information on the use of cloth diapers, see theHandling Cloth Diapers资源在本课程的学习活动部分。

Handwashing and Diapering

正确的洗手程序中至关重要diapering. The order in which handwashing is completed during the diapering procedure is critical for the environment to be free of contamination. There are two times adults must wash their hands during diapering. Adults must wash their hands first before they gather diaper supplies and again during the final step after they have put cleaning and sanitizing solutions away (See Step 1 and Step 8 on the above Diapering Procedure chart). Children must wash their hands or have their hands washed after a clean diaper is put on them and they are fully dressed (Step 6 of the procedure).

Reading how to complete a proper diapering procedure is much easier than actually changing a diaper! Whether this is your initial training on diapering or you’ve changed 500 diapers, it is important to review each step to assess if you are still conducting the procedure correctly.

Toileting Procedures

Toileting, as with diapering, has procedures that must be followed to reduce the spread of germs. Toileting has additional health considerations as young children are learning self-help skills and are participating in their toileting routine. The Do section below outlines some general hygiene practices to remember with regard to toileting.

同时,婴幼儿可以淹没在厕所bowls; they may play and explore in the restroom, contacting contaminated items or surfaces or otherwise injure themselves. For this reason, infants and toddlers should always be supervised in the restroom by both sight and sound.

Help Children with Self-Care and Hygiene

当你监督幼儿的厕所时，无论他们还在学习还是已经掌握厕所训练，那么确保他们以最卫生的方式完成厕所常规是重要的。yabo电子游艺例如，教女孩擦拭前后擦拭，这样他们就可以让细菌保持可能导致尿液感染的阴道区域。您可能还需要帮助幼儿衡量卫生纸的数量，他们需要充分覆盖手，擦拭自己，但也没有堵塞厕所。此外，虽然您将帮助幼儿越来越责任擦拭其底部独立擦拭，但在厕所的早期阶段，您可能需要提供擦拭擦拭的帮助，以确保儿童的底部没有粪便。请记住，打开手套以帮助此过程，并遵循以下手套程序概述。最重要的是，在使用洗手间后，确保所有孩子都遵循适当的洗手程序（见第两节）。

正在学习如何使用厕所或最近掌握便盆训练的幼儿可yabo电子游艺能仍需要养厕所和敷料的帮助 - 如果他们在洗手间发生了一次事故，这尤其如此。事故可能会令孩子尴尬。重要的是帮助孩子清理，穿好衣服，安全地返回学习环境。yabo电子游艺您还必须在清理过程中防止细菌和污染物的传播。适当的卫生对您和您的计划中的孩子很重要。许多疾病可以通过粪便蔓延。

When accidents happen, prepare yourself to help the child clean up and change clothes. A space for changing the child is important. You must be sure to keep the changing space, the child, and yourself clean. Follow these steps:

1. Wash your hands.
2. 带上物资。您将需要干净的衣服，抹布，塑料袋，纸衬里为孩子站立或躺在，湿布或纸巾和一次性手套。
3. 按照所描述的程序进行操作Caring for Our Children(2015). These procedures are provided in the attachment called改变脏衣服in the Apply section.

考虑以下内容的情况，考虑以下方案。你会做些什么来解决这种情况？

You should do the following:

Make sure all children are safe and block off the soiled area. Wash your hands and gather supplies. Ask the child who had the accident to go into the restroom area while you gather supplies. Put on gloves and follow changing procedures (see Apply section of this lesson) to help the child remove soiled clothing and clean herself. Put soiled clothing in a sealed plastic bag to be sent home. Clean your hands and the child’s hands with fresh disposable wipes. Help the child get dressed in clean clothing. Wash your hands and make sure the child washes her hands thoroughly. Then let her return to play in a supervised area. Clean and disinfect the changing area. Wash your hands. Clean and disinfect the soiled area of your family child care program. Wash your hands again.

Having Supplies Stocked and Accessible

当您需要时，所有必要的物品对于安全和健康至关重要。你不想在尿布改变的中间或帮助孩子在事故发生后清理，找到有人使用最后一对手套。同样，您不想展示幼儿如何洗手并找到肥皂分配器空。检查所有用品在一天开始时储存良好，有助于确保您拥有whatyou needwhenyou need it.

手套程序

Gloves, though recommended and required by many programs, do not automatically protect children and adults from exposure to germs. Adults often feel a false sense of protection when they wear gloves. Wearing gloves does not merely involve protecting your hands. Germs that touch a glove can be spread to the next surface the glove touches.

以下手套程序，来自Caring for Our Children（2015），说明了手套的正确一般用途，无论您是否在尿布惯例期间用伤害或使用它们。在这一点Diapering Procedurechart above, see Step 1 on when to put on gloves and Step 4 on when to dispose of gloves during the diapering process.

Remember, wearing gloves does not take the place of handwashing!

厕所培训

大多数孩子开始厕所或便盆训练，许多人将在蹒跚学步的年度掌握它。需要一些时间考虑厕所培训的潜在障碍，每个孩子的独特发展和情况都是如此。考虑到这些障碍将帮助您确定时机是否适合儿童，家庭和照顾者，以开始厕所培训过程。

Barriers to Potty Training

• 孩子们还没准备好。有时幼儿在他们的机构准备好之前被推入便盆训练。帮助一个没有准备学会使用便盆的孩子是不是不可能的，但它绝对是挑战。
• Families are not yet ready.对于愿意做出承诺的家庭，他们必须准备帮助孩子在家里有便盆训练，带来所有所需的供应，并与您一起工作，所以孩子的加固趋势一致。过渡到使用厕所可能涉及家庭情绪放松宝宝，并拥抱孩子成为学龄前儿童。亚慱彩票这可能是一些家庭通过的过程;事实上，他们甚至可能都不知道他们对这个过程感到矛盾。
• 文化期望有所不同。在美国主流文化持有the expectation that children will be potty trained by their third year. This is generally thought to be the age of 2 years for girls and the age of 2½ years for boys. Other cultures may believe that children should be potty trained within an earlier or later time frame. As with all decisions, you should consult with families to understand their expectations.
• 时间是一个因素。A child may be physically but not emotionally ready for potty training. Perhaps a sibling has newly arrived, a parent is deployed, the family has moved, or other family changes make potty training an additional stressor rather than a welcome task. It is best in these circumstances to delay potty training until the child or family has made it through most of the emotional upheaval in the transition.

儿童准备迹象

孩子：

• Has understanding of the concept of cause and effect
• 有能力沟通，包括手语 - 他或她可以使用单词或手势来表示需要使用厕所
• Can remain dry for at least two hours at a time during the day or is dry at naptime
• Has bowel movements on a regular and predictable schedule
• Can follow simple directions
• 可以坐在厕所上，能感觉和了解消除感
• Shows discomfort over wet or soiled diaper
• 表现出一些兴趣进入便盆和更自主
• 能够拉下并拉起他或她自己的裤子

对具有特殊需求的儿童准备

当孩子们有发展延误或残疾时，他们可能比典型的发展儿童更晚了。您应该与孩子的家庭和其他资源（如干预专家）合作，以确保涉及涉及便携式训练策略，时间和准备因素时最具包容性的做法。有关具有特殊需求的儿童的包容性做法和厕所培训的更多信息，请访问：https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/Pages/Toilet-Training-Children-with-Special-Needs.aspx

The Importance of Documentation

Recording when young children, especially infants and toddlers are diapered or when they use the bathroom is important information to both you and their families. Changes in these bodily functions of babies can be an indication that something is wrong and needs to be addressed. For toddlers, documentation can help you identify patterns that can assist with potty training. It is important to document diapering and toileting records immediately for each child, after you’ve washed your hands. If you put off documentation, something will likely come up and you will have to rely on your memory rather than having recorded it accurately.

Diapering and Toileting Is a Time for Learning

尿布和厕所是一个有机会从事培养支持所有发展领域的互动;这比照顾孩子的身体需求。尿布和厕所，幼儿：

• 学self-help skills needed for formal school.
• Acquire language and communication skills through listening and verbalizing (cooing, babbling, talking) with you during routine care.
• Develop a sense of competence when they are helpful.
• 练习小型和大肌肉技能，包括抓住裤子，向下推动并在厕所期间抬起并抬起腿部，并在尿布期间返回坐姿。
• Develop their emotional attachment to you, which helps them feel secure and supports their development and learning.

看

Watch this example of diapering and notice how safety procedures are followed and the caregiver capitalizes on the one-on-one experience to deepen her relationship with the child and provide language and learning opportunities.

Proper Hygiene While Diapering

观看这些提供商描述了如何在厕所事故后帮助孩子。

发生意外后的孩子

Do

General Hygiene Procedures for Toileting

There are many ways to maintain a healthy environment throughout your family child care program. The restroom is an important place to start. Follow these steps to create healthy habits for yourself and the children in your care:

• Check the restroom regularly to make sure toilets are flushed.
• Check to make sure floors, doors, and walls are clean.
• Make sure paper towels and other trash are thrown away properly.
• Make sure running water, soap, paper towels, plastic bags for soiled clothing, and toilet paper are available.
• Make sure you put disposable gloves on before handling soiled clothing or diapers. Remove gloves before handling clean clothing and diapers.
• If possible, use a separate sink for general use versus handwashing after toileting. If you must use the same sink, disinfect it before using it for general or food-related use.
• Always wash your hands after helping children use the toilet, assisting with soiled clothing, or touching contaminated surfaces. Even if you wear disposable gloves, you must wash your hands.
• Make sure all children and adults wash their hands properly.

In addition, when it comes to diapering and toileting, always do the following:

• Follow correct diapering and toileting procedures.
• 确保所有尿布和厕所供应均可储蓄良好，可供选择。
• 涉及幼儿在尿布和厕所过程中（例如，他们可能能够帮助拔下裤子或保持尿布）;这是你一起做的事情，而不是对他们所做的事情。
• 使用描述性语言来解释尿布和厕所期间发生的事情。