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"No society can long sustain itself unless its members have learned the sensitivities, motivations, and skills involved in assisting and caring for other human beings." - Urie Bronfenbrenner

Reflecting on Your Beliefs about Child Guidance

作为一个家亚慱彩票APP庭儿童保健提供者,您将需要demonstrate to children and families your commitment to positive guidance. First, it is important to examine your personal beliefs. Your beliefs about child guidance are formed throughout your life through your own experiences with your family and in school, your cultural traditions, and your professional education and training. Your personal beliefs about child guidance are reflected in your daily conversations with families and in your personal reactions to children’s behavior. You serve as a model for children and families in how to solve conflicts and build a safe, caring community.

Consider the following questions for yourself and the families you serve:

• How does your own family and cultural background influence your beliefs about positive guidance?
• What did you find positive about your own school experiences in terms of guidance? Were any of the six practices listed below evident during your school experiences?
• What do you wish were different about your own school experiences in terms of guidance?
• How has your education and training prepared you to advocate for and communicate the importance of a positive approach to child guidance?
• What training and support do you need in order to embrace the six principles of positive child guidance?

Reflecting on your own experiences with child guidance will help you implement positive child guidance practices. Try sharing your thoughts and beliefs with a trusted colleague who also works in the field of family child care. You may be someone that families will turn to when they need assistance with a child’s challenging behavior and with maintaining a positive relationship with their child. Reflecting about your beliefs and background may be a new learning experience or a paradigm shift in how to think about and constructively teach children new strategies and behaviors instead of using punishment to address children’s mistakes. It is important that you have a strong understanding of positive guidance strategies. You can help the families you serve who may be overwhelmed when addressing their child’s behavior.

What is Guidance?

According to Marian C. Marion, positive child guidance is based on principles of developmentally appropriate practice (2013). Dan Gartrell defines guidance as “a way of teaching that nurtures each child’s potential through consistently positive (sometimes firm, but always friendly) interactions; classroom management that teaches rather than punishes.” (2012, p. 156). Adults who use positive guidance in their daily interactions with children accept that a primary goal is to help each individual child to:

• Feel safe and secure
• Develop healthy self-esteem
• Respect themselves and others
• Learn to cope with a variety of stressors

人际关系是促进在幼儿环境中使用积极指导的关键（例如，在家庭儿童保健家庭，户外和社区郊游）。亚慱彩票APP作为提供者，您认为对每个孩子的尊重，温暖和积极态度侧重。

Your personal values and commitment to the use of positive guidance principles will be evident in your daily interactions with children and their families. Strong interpersonal relationships are essential to bringing these principles to life during daily care-giving routines and activities.

Gartrell inThe Power of Guidance(2004), describes six practices of teachers who are committed to positive guidance. In this lesson we substitute the title “provider” for teacher:

Practice	Implementation Process
1。Providers realize that social skills are complicated and take many years to fully learn.	孩子们正在学习社会可接受的yabo电子游艺行为，并且需要时间和练习来发展社交技能。家庭和提供商指导孩子们学习社交技能。
2.提供商减少儿童需要误认为是错误的行为。	提供商使用发展适当的做法，以便在家庭育儿期望和儿童技能之间进行适当的匹配。
3.。The provider practices positive adult-child relations.	The provider builds relationships with each individual child and models cooperation and empathy.
4.提供商使用面向解决方案的干预方法。	提供者模型如何平稳地解决冲突，并鼓励孩子们为自己洽谈。他或她在管理和监督他或她自己的情感和增长时工作。
5. The provider builds partnerships with families.	The provider intentionally partners with families through positive face-to-face conversations and written communication.
6. The provider uses teamwork with other adults.	The family child care provider understands that she or he cannot do everything alone and develops relationships with other adults who serve as resources (e.g., specialized staff at community agencies, installation personnel, etc.). Positive guidance involves teamwork with other skilled adults, especially if a child has consistent, intensive challenging behavior.

作为一家家亚慱彩票APP庭护理提供者，您可以在日常实践中模拟积极的指导。您可以与家庭和儿童建立伙伴关系和关系。随着时间的推移，这需要自我反思和故意练习。对于一些人来说，积极的指导自然地实现，而其他人则会采取实践，培养新的思考与您在您的护理中与儿童建立社区的新方法。

作为家庭护亚慱彩票APP理提供商，您必须在选择适当的指导技术时考虑个人儿童的社交和情感增长和个人发展。例如，幼儿园和幼儿园的孩子亚慱彩票喜欢帮助解决问题。他们可以在关于一个问题的十五分钟讨论期间得到注意力，例如“我们应该做些什么破碎的三轮车？”相比之下，幼儿关注跨度有限（通常约为三到六分钟），所以提供者使用简单，简单的方向来引导它们在日常惯例期间（例如，“如果你把鞋放在上面，那么我们可以在外面玩。”）。

Through daily interactions and carefully documented observations, you learn about children’s individual strengths and needs. This information helps you select developmentally and individually appropriate guidance practices. You will better understand particular child behaviors and choose appropriate guidance practices that meet individual children’s social and emotional development. As a family child care provider, your encouragement and emotional support for children who are learning positive social and problem-solving skills contributes to your vision of a relationship-based care environment.

What Does Positive Guidance Look Like in Practice?

Part of positive guidance is creating an environment that promotes positive behavior to minimize the need for adults to spend time reacting to children’s negative behavior. Positive guidance practices emphasizeteachingproblem-solving and friendship skills. They build children’s sense of belonging and membership in the program. In contrast, discipline, or using punishment to control children’s behavior, can be misused by adults with negative consequences for children’s growth and development.

When family child care providers value and use positive guidance practices, they support the development of an encouraging learning environment. The encouraging family child care setting is where children can express and meet their needs in acceptable, safe ways. The child is an important member of a caring community, where he or she feels safe and secure.

• Children are not threatened with removal from the caring community.
• Children are not publicly criticized.
• Children’s mistakes are seen as developmental and viewed as opportunities for them to learn the correct behaviors.
• Partnerships formed with families and peers are supportive and encouraging.
• 冲突被视为生活在成人帮助儿童的社区中的一部分，从而在您的计划中学习有效的冲突解决策略并教导解决问题的问题。

在下面的讲义中，Gartrell提​​供了一些有意的沟通技能的例子，提供商可以在日常做法中用于为儿童和青年建立鼓励的课堂环境。您如何作为家庭育儿提供者使用这些沟通技亚慱彩票APP巧？

看

Watch this video to learn more about how positive guidance benefits the social and emotional development of the children in your care.

积极的指导：An Introduction

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Thinking about Children’s Behavior: Reframing

It’s important to take time to learn how to reframe your thoughts about children’s behaviors. Negative thoughts about children’s behaviors can bring everyone down. Using negative explanations for why a child behaves a certain way can cloud your thinking about solutions. Having positive thoughts about why a child might choose to behave in a certain way allows us to think of positive solutions; it can help us lift our negative mood. When we reframe our thinking, we can turn a negative into a positive.

Cognitive reframing是一种观看和体验事件，想法，概念和情感的方式，以找到更多的积极替代方案。简单地把认知重塑是一种改变心态的方法。以下是认知重新稀释的例子：

Kari(2岁)碰倒了一个高大的塔,Jaron (age 3) and Keena (age 5) have built on the patio. Instead of assuming that Kari is “acting bad” you can reframe your thinking and view this behavior as Kari trying to communicate that she wants to be included in their play, but she might not have the words to effectivity communicate her desires. You reframe your response by expressing Kari’s desire to play and helping her problem solve what she could do instead, “Kari, you wish you could play with Jaron and Keena. Let’s practice how you can ask them if you can join them when they build with the big blocks.”

Logan (age 7) pushes you as you climb up the back steps. Instead of assuming that Logan is “a mean child trying to hurt you,” you can reframe your thinking and view this behavior as Logan trying to gain adult attention. He has learned that using physical means (pushing) gains him adult attention. One way to address Logan’s actions is to ask him why he pushed you, in an effort gain a better perspective on his behavior. Thinking about Logan’s behavior, you make a plan to pay special attention when he is engaging in positive behavior. “Logan, you are waiting a long time for your turn. When we go outside, I will let you have the first turn using the new basketball.”

就像所有新技能、认知重构s time and practice. Thinking differently about children’s challenging behavior may provide a new view of what children are trying to communicate. You can use cognitive reframing with all the significant people in your life. It may increase your positive regard for those you care for and cherish.

Summary

Positive guidance practices promote children’s social and emotional development. As a family child care provider, you intentionally create a safe, warm, and encouraging environment for all of the children entrusted to your care. You lead others (children, families) in behavioral expectations in your home setting. You hold the key to promoting relationship-based caregiving.

Completing this Course

For more information on what to expect in this course, the Positive GuidanceCompetency Reflection, and a list of the accompanying Learn, Explore and Apply resources and activities offered throughout the lessons, visit the Family Child CareCourse Guide。

请注意引用和参考资料部分the end of each lesson outlines reference sources and resources to find additional information on the topics covered. As you complete lessons, you are not expected to review all the online references available. However, you are welcome to explore the resources further if you have interest, or at the request of your trainer, coach, or administrator.