Know

Think about a time in your life when your family was facing a challenge. Maybe you or a family member was dealing with health issues, financial issues, loss of employment, relationship difficulties, moving to a new place, or separation from family and friends. How did these challenges affect you and the rest of your family as a unit? How did you cope with these challenges? What were some factors that enabled you to deal with these challenges successfully?

就像我们需要欣赏许多变体among families, we must also acknowledge the various contexts and environments in which families function. All families face challenges at some point in time. For some, these challenges may pose risks for children as well as other family members. As a family child care provider, it is important to know that these challenges may also affect families’ willingness to seek help or participate in services, as well as their ability to actively participate in your family child care-related experiences.

Families everywhere sometimes need support accessing information to help them navigate difficult circumstances. Families will look to you for support. A family member may have a concern, and you may be asked to provide information, suggestions, or recommendations about a variety of topics, such as child development, challenging behavior, literacy, in-school and out-of-school activities, community connections, health care providers, related services, and so forth. Sometimes you may have answers and sometimes you may have to look for answers. Above all, respect and maintain families’ confidentiality. If a family member shares a need or concern with you, it is important to honor his or her privacy, but you can also recommend resources if asked. Always treat their information sensitively.

Offering knowledge and guidance is a way of strengthening the bond between you and the families of children in your care. It is important to always be available for families and to provide support whenever possible and appropriate.

Challenges that Pose Risks for Children and Families

There are many factors that can affect family functioning and child development, such as poverty, substance abuse, illness, exposure to violence, unemployment, marital discord, separation from parents, and trying to adapt to a new culture and learn a new language. Some family members may also feel isolated in their role as a parent due to divorce, challenging relationships with their own families, single-parenthood, or a move that takes them away from nearby family. These challenges can make it increasingly difficult for families to provide the support their children need. Regardless of the situation, family life and children’s behaviors are affected when families are challenged. Remember that families are complex systems of interconnected individuals, and events that affect one individual in the family may affect all family members. In the face of such circumstances, family child care providers become increasingly important sources of support, not only for the children they serve, but also for families as a whole.

Poverty puts children and families at a greater risk for stress, illness, and social isolation. Exposure to violence may have negative effects on children’s school performance, emotional stability, and social competence. Substance abuse may affect family members’ ability to care and provide for children and, as a consequence, children may be maltreated and neglected. Separation from family members, particularly parents, causes stress and emotional instability for all family members, especially young children. Marital discord or trying to adapt to a new culture or ways of living may also increase stress for all family members.

这些挑战期间的压力家庭经验可能会影响他们的耐心和能量水平。压力可以削弱家庭的能力感，撼动他们的控制感。有时，这些困难的复杂性似乎压倒了家庭和提供者，他们自己挑战了解适当和有意义的资源，建议和解决方案。

加强家庭保护因素框架

社会政策研究中心开发了加强家庭保护因素框架。最初设计为防止儿童虐待和忽视的框架，保护因素可以是接近您与家庭的所有工作的有用方式。这一框架可以帮助您了解您在您家中每天都能做的高质量，家庭为中心的工作在儿童和家庭的生活中有所不同。您的工作不仅要关心每个孩子，还要为整个家庭提供护理和支持。加强家庭保护因素框架为您提供支持家庭的工具和想法。

Now that you have been introduced to the protective factors, we will discuss each factor in greater detail. This will give you concrete information and examples of each factor as well as methods for implementing them into your family child care home.

The Protective Factors: Parent Resilience

我们都知道压力会对我们的生活产生不利影响。让我们有弹性是我们选择如何处理和克服我们生活中的压力或挑战的原因。通过挑战帮助家庭的一些理想方法是：

• 创建一个舒适的环境,家庭的感觉comfortable seeking help, visiting any time and asking questions.
• Encourage suggestions and feedback from families on how to work with their child or ways you can improve your program.
• When discussing sensitive topics like behavior issues or incidents, be calm and supportive. It also helps to have some suggestions on how to help the situation and move forward.
• 花时间倾听家庭。有时，家庭成员可能需要您成为一个支持性的倾听者，以帮助他们通过情况。

学龄儿童家庭面临着与年幼儿童家庭的挑战不同。繁忙的时间表和发展的快速变化导致家庭成员体验压力。以下是家庭可能挑战的一些示例，以及您如何提供帮助。

Possible Challenges for Families of School-Age Children	如何帮助
School-age children can be very busy when they try to balance school, sports, clubs and other activities as well as their family obligations and social life. This can cause stress for families, because of the financial requirements involved, as well as the time commitments and transportation needs.	帮助学龄儿童通过与他们共同创造日常或每周日历来组织他们的时间表。 尽力确保儿童在处理他们的家庭作业或学习时保持任务，这将使孩子们在家里和家人一起度过更多的时间。
学龄儿童的学术要求越来越困难，因为他们在学校的进步。由于涉及的时间承诺，这可能导致家庭的压力。它还可以为没有资源提供资源以帮助他们的孩子提供家庭作业的家庭产生挑战。	随着学龄儿童完成作业，一定要检查它是否准确。如果您发现一个在特定主题中努力努力的子女，请了解您的程序如何在可能的情况下提供帮助。了解可帮助提供家庭作业的资源（工作簿，额外阅读材料和在线辅导帮助等资源）并为父母提出建议。

The Protective Factors: Knowledge of Child Development and Parenting

对儿童发展里程碑和各种育儿技术的知识是您作为家庭幼儿提供者角色的重要组成部分。亚慱彩票APP在家庭护理环境中为多年来服务时，您熟悉您服务的每个年龄组的发展里程碑尤亚慱彩票APP为重要。当家庭会来找资源，知识和帮助时，会有很多次。当一个家庭成员来到您有关儿童发展问题时，您应该有各种优质资源可供共享。这些资源应包括社区本地可用的资源，具有有用信息的网站，以及父母可以阅读的印刷材料。伟大的起始地点是家庭幼儿认知发展课程中的发展里程碑图表和信息指南。亚慱彩票APP当您在认知发展课程中学到的时候，儿童在不同的步伐发展。父母可以将他们的孩子与他人相提并论。如果您注意到这种情况发生，或者家庭成员带来了一些关注的东西，请提醒他们并非所有儿童都会以同样的速度发展。使用里程碑图表和信息指南作为工具来展示典型子发展的信息。 When working with families that may have a difficult time understanding you because of language barriers or other differences, work with your local resource and referral agency, trainer, coach, or family child care administrator to provide a translator or other support.

The key is to make families feel welcome and comfortable discussing their child’s development so that you can all work together to help the child succeed. Families might also come to you with their parenting preferences and beliefs, as well as any cultural traditions or practices that affect the way a child may develop. You should keep the following in mind when providing this type of support to families:

• 给出的信息应始终准确且适当。
• 提供信息时，总是尊重和积极。
• All family practices should be respected and honored. If you suspect that a particular practice may be dangerous or negatively affect a child’s development, share your concerns with your trainer, coach, or family child care administrator.
• 如果您不确定如何回答问题或选择资源，请与您的培训师，教练或家庭幼儿管理员联系。亚慱彩票APP

Here are some examples of possible challenges for families, and how you can help:

Possible Challenges for Families	如何帮助
Some infants and toddlers might experience separation anxiety when their parents leave. Sometime this can cause parents to feel guilt or sadness when leaving their child for work or school.	Acknowledge how the parent and the child feel. Allow time for feelings and help create goodbye rituals. Reassure the parents that their child is safe and well cared for while they are gone, and offer children tangible reminders of their parents such as pictures.
Some preschoolers might use scissors proficiently and others might just be learning how to hold scissors. Parents might feel the need to compare the development of one child to another in your home.	Refer that parent to a developmental milestones chart. Accentuate the positive things that child can do and offer resources, tips, and at-home ideas to support growth and development in the area of concern.
Unlike younger children, school-age children have three “teachers” in their lives: their family, their schoolteacher, and you. Sometimes, this can cause challenges when sharing information or helping a child through a situation.	尽可能与家庭和学校一起工作。如果学校正在使用特定信息或资源来支持家庭，请找出它是什么并确定您是否可以使用相同的资源。如果所有教育工作者都在同一页面上，它将有助于家庭和孩子。
年龄较大的儿童可能开始在进入青春期时经历快速的发展变化。有时，父母可以处理和接受这些变化可能是因为它意味着他们的小女孩或男孩不再这么少。	为儿童发展和青春期提供信息。向他们保证，这是成长的自然部分;让他们反思在这个阶段对他们所喜欢的东西。

保护因素：具体支撑在需要时期

我们都知道悲剧可以随时罢工任何家庭。不幸的是，您可能会在您的工作期间遇到这个家庭幼儿提供者。亚慱彩票APP当家庭成员在需要时发现自己时，您可以根据您提供尽可能多的支持。“需要的时间”可以意味着各种各样的东西，如：

• Inability to meet basic economic needs such as food, housing, health care, and clothing
• Domestic violence
• Mental illness
• Substance abuse
• Fatal or long-term illness
• Death of a family member

当发生这样的事件时，与您的培训师，教练或家庭儿童保育管理员合作，为家庭提供具体的支持。亚慱彩票APP请记住，由于年龄和独立性，年龄较大的孩子会认识到这种情况。

The Protective Factors: Social and Emotional Competence of Children

The social and emotional competence of children involves their behavior and emotional well-being. This is increasingly important as children grow because it affects their ability to make and maintain positive relationships. Family members may have questions or concerns about their child’s social or emotional competence. Here are some things you can do to support families:

• 意识到孩子们的日常交往中in your care. Make observations when you see something that may cause concern. If you notice a behavior that is cause for concern, bring it to the attention of your trainer, coach, or family child care administrator. (You will learn more about social and emotional health in the Self & Cultural Understanding course.)
• 与他们在家里看到的行为的家庭成员谈谈，在您的家庭幼儿节目或他们的学校。亚慱彩票APP有关于担忧和成功的对话。
• Create a safe and welcoming environment that allows all children to feel comfortable. This will help children feel that they can express themselves, communicate their needs, and form relationships.

Supporting Military Families

Military families face challenges unlike those experienced by others. These challenges may pose unique risks for children and the family as a whole. The nature of a military family member’s work can involve frequent moves or periods of separation from children; this can affect children’s emotional well-being. As a family child care provider, it is important for you to know how to recognize when children are dealing with emotional stress and how to effectively support children and their families during difficult times in their lives.

Deployment

Deployment has a great effect upon family functioning, particularly relationships between caregivers and children. When children experience long periods of separation from their parent or guardian, their family life, routines, emotional state, and behaviors may be affected. Deployment can add stress and anxiety to families. Children may experience fear, sadness, confusion, or loss. You can support families during deployment by fostering ongoing communication. As a family child care provider, you can work with families to ensure they are well supported during this challenging time. It is important that families and caregivers work together to provide needed resources. It is also essential to acknowledge that as a provider, you may also feel overwhelmed when trying to support military families. If you need help supporting military families of children in your care, talk with your trainer, coach, or family child care administrator.

孩子们争取了混乱，恐惧，悲伤和损失的感觉。婴儿和幼儿就像像老年人那样体验这些情绪，尽管他们无法口头表达自己的感受，并且可能对发生的事情的理解可能不那么了解。您可以通过聆听来支持家庭，并学习通过此转换来支持他们的婴儿或幼儿的方式。yabo电子游艺您还可以鼓励婴儿或幼儿和家人之间的额外沟通和参与。照顾成年人可以通过向体验和他们的情绪来帮助婴幼儿和幼儿，如“这种经历”，如“，”这令人难过，我们都希望妈妈能够和你一起住宿。妈妈爱你，虽然我离开，阿姨卡纳将照顾你并保持安全。你是安全和喜爱的。“

在部署之前

在准备部署的同时，家庭可能会遇到焦虑和压力的高度。如果没有警告发生部署，则可能没有时间准备。无论情况，家庭和儿童在此期间都可以脆弱。作为家庭护亚慱彩票APP理提供者，提醒家庭照顾自己，因为这也有助于儿童应对更好。考虑以下内容以支持儿童和家庭beforedeployment:

• 如果可能，请询问家庭成员分享即将到来的部署时间。与家庭沟通以学习支持它们的方法，并询问他们如何以及何时更愿意交换信息。
• Prepare materials to use with children during deployment. Photograph children with their loved ones. Audio- or video-record the deploying parent reading favorite stories, singing songs, or leaving special messages to their children.
• Plan for special events where family members can come to your home and be part of an activity or go on a field trip, giving them an opportunity to spend quality time with their child in your home. Take pictures of these activities and display them in your home.
• 在此期间对儿童的需求和情绪敏感。观察压力的迹象（例如，哭泣，行为问题，烦躁，无法留在任务，情绪波动，紧贴），并制定行动计划。涉及家庭，建议管理策略，以建立家庭护理环境之间的一致性。
• Help families identify possible sources of support (e.g., other family members, neighbors, or friends) who can help them throughout this process.

在部署期间

Children and families greatly miss their loved ones during this time. Children may experience sadness, anger, anxiety, and restlessness. Acknowledge that what works for one family may not work for another family. Consider the following to support children and familiesduring主动部署：

• 提供稳定性并最大限度地减少对日常生活的变化。这也适用于处理过渡和新经验的所有儿童和家庭。例如，在此部署的中间，不要突然改变您的小时关。
• Use lots of affirmations with children. In response to comments children make about missing a parent or wanting to be with their mom, dad, or loved one, say things like “I can see that you miss your dad a lot,” or “I know you wish Mommy was here today.”
• If children are having a hard time expressing their emotions, provide the words for them. You can say, for example, “I know that you are feeling upset, and that’s OK.”
• Involve the parent who is deployed by sending them photos, newsletters, videos, or special items that their children have produced (e.g., a drawing, a poem, or a few special words).
• Use videos or audio recordings you made before the family member was deployed (of family members sharing special messages, reading stories, singing songs, etc.) to help children cope with difficult situations.
• Offer children opportunities to stay emotionally connected with their loved ones who are deployed by writing letters, making drawings, or recording videos for them.
• 保持与家庭的持续沟通。

When a Family Member Returns

Reunions can be very happy times, but they can also be challenging as many strong emotions are involved. Deployment can greatly affect the deployed individual and this, in turn, affects everyone else in the family, and family members may need to adjust to new ways of doing things. A family member’s return may cause routines to be reevaluated and modified and family roles and responsibilities reworked. Children and family members may have mixed emotions. Consider the following to support children and families when a family member returns from deployment:

• Help children prepare for their family members’ return by talking about it. Always check in with families to get their suggestions about what may or may not work with their child.
• Organize special events (e.g., a field trip or lunch) and invite family members who have returned from deployment to participate. This can help reconnect the parent with your program.
• Watch for signs of stress in children, and work with families to support their children.
• Acknowledge that this may be a difficult time for families and children, and be patient and understanding.
• 婴儿和幼儿特别需要机会，他们觉得适应亲人的回归。作为护理人员，您和家庭一起可以使用语言来描述婴儿或幼儿可能是感觉的。遵循婴儿或幼儿的线索，并观察参与的迹象（例如，眼睛接触，微笑，咕咕声）和脱离（例如，转身，拱起的拱起，加强的身体）。

You can find additional information on supporting military families in the Strengthening Military Families resources in the Learn Section.

促进弹性和有效应对家庭的因素

In your work with families and children who face challenges, it is important to acknowledge that sometimes these challenges have multiple causes and that families may require help that goes beyond what you can provide in your home. You must recognize that assisting families experiencing challenges may require a wide range of services. As a family child care provider, you may be one of several professionals working to support families.

有因素促进有效应对，这可以帮助您支持面临挑战的家庭。除了加强家庭保护因素框架中讨论的保护因素外，研究人员还确定了促进解决应对挑战的家庭的恢复力和应对的额外因素：

• Adult family members setting and following rules at home
• Establishing positive family member-child relationships
• Maintaining family coherence through shared values and beliefs
• Families finding positive meanings in difficult situations
• Teamwork within the family and strengthening the family as a unit
• 家庭成员与专业人士开发合作关系
• Family members expressing feelings and communicating effectively with each other
• 维持友谊和参与副部l activities and networks
• Receiving informal supports, such as from extended family members, teachers, friends, community leaders, or neighbors

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在这个视频中，倾听作为父母和看护人谈论支持军事家庭特定需求的方法。

Supporting Military Families

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您可以通过讲义，小册子，网站和有关当地专业人士或机构的推荐信息等资源为家庭儿童保育计划中的家亚慱彩票APP庭提供资源。与您培训师，教练或家庭儿童保育管理员咨询更多信息和资源。亚慱彩票APP

Some families in your family child care will require more specific information related to their particular needs. In this case, you may be able to provide information about professionals, agencies, or other services. Consider gathering information about different resources that may be helpful to families at the beginning of the year to make sure your information is current and up-to-date. As you get to know the families of children better, you may also be able to find resources that are more specific to their needs. Your list of resource topics may include the following:

• Parenting helpline
• 社区课程或发言者
• Local school districts
• 医疗保健专业人士
• 其他当地的幼儿选择
• 地方特殊教育服务
• Local libraries and community centers
• Government benefits (e.g., Social Security, health-insurance programs)

As a family child care provider, you must be prepared to consider the appropriate services or resources for military families and families facing challenges. Always remember that each family’s needs are different from the next, and that there are no one-size-fits-all solutions. Consider the following when working with families facing challenges:

• Use a family-centered approach.每个家庭的需求都不同，以及一个家庭的适用性都可能根本不起作用。通过专注于他们的特殊需求和尊重他们的遗产和文化来支持家庭。最重要的是，专注于他们的优势和建立。
• Be flexible and creative and individualize your approach with each family.For instance, if a family has transportation problems and difficulty meeting you at your program, arrange to meet at a place the family can safely get to. Let families choose how much and how often they wish to communicate with you about their lives in the military and during deployment.
• Suggest informal sources of support.Those can include other family members, neighbors, friends, church members, or other individuals the family knows and feels comfortable with.
• Make resources available to families.这些可能包括社区组织，可以提供援助或托儿提供者的相关专业人士。不要认为多次经验丰富部署的家庭有所需的资源。
• 总的来说，理解和非阶段。Families facing challenges are sometimes overwhelmed meeting their basic needs and might not always respond to your suggestions or recommendations.