知道

We all want to keep children safe. To do so, we must be able to recognize when a child is in harm’s way. Look for the following signs from the Child Welfare Information Gateway fact sheet on child abuse and neglect from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

如果孩子：滥用或忽视，可能怀疑：

• 显示行为的突然变化，似乎像回归的变化（失去技能，他们曾经有过，哭泣更多等），或者学校表现的变化
• 没有收到父母注意力的身体或医学问题的帮助
• Is always watchful, as though preparing for something bad to happen
• Lacks adult supervision
• 过度兼容，被动或撤回（没有响应似乎保证回复的情况）
• 在拾取或下降时对父母的反应很小
• 在你的节目中掉下来，迟到，或者不想回家
• Has learning problems (or difficulty concentrating) that cannot be attributed to specific physical or psychological issues

Or if the parent:

• Shows little concern for the child
• 否认存在 - 或责备孩子在节目中或家中的孩子的问题
• Asks caregivers to use harsh physical discipline if the child misbehaves
• 将孩子视为完全糟糕，毫无价值或繁重
• 要求孩子无法实现的身体或认知性能水平
• 主要是为了照顾、关注和满足孩子的情感需求

Or if the parent and child:

• Rarely touch or look at each other
• 分开后不要互相回应（例如在接车时）
• 说他们不喜欢对方
• Consider their relationship entirely negative

承认虐待和忽视儿童并不总是容易的。请记住，这些迹象本身并不一定意味着儿童受到虐待或忽视。通常情况下，一种行为模式或行为组合可能会导致怀疑儿童正在遭受虐待或忽视。观看此视频了解如何识别虐待和忽视。

认识到虐待和忽视的迹象

提出问题并打开沟通线

所有的孩子都会偶尔受伤：磕碰、擦伤和擦伤都是健康和积极探索的标志。有时，更严重的事故也会发生：一个孩子把一杯热茶倒在自己身上，或者在运动中摔断了一根骨头，或者一个孩子卷入了车祸。有时，一种疾病会引起类似虐待的症状。例如，某些皮肤状况可能会留下类似瘀伤或疤痕的痕迹。为了最有效地保护儿童免受虐待和忽视，我们必须能够区分事故和虐待。对话是一个强大的工具。每当你注意到孩子受伤或出现症状时，填写一份事故或事故报告并询问受伤情况。这是护理的标准部分，表明你对孩子的健康感兴趣。记住，你是不调查受伤了。你只是在做别人受伤时自然而然的事情：问问发生了什么事，这个人怎么样了。以下是一些提问技巧：

• 提出开放式问题。你可能会说，“哎哟。看起来很痛苦。发生了什么？”
• 表现出关心和同情：“我敢打赌这对你们来说相当可怕。怎么会这样？”
• Make sure it’s an OK time to talk, and be prepared to get help if the family needs it. “Is it OK to ask you about Geri’s bruises? Do you have a minute?”
• Find out if there is anything else you should know about the injuries. “I’m glad you took her to the doctor. Is there anything we should do to make her comfortable during the day? Or is there anything she shouldn’t do?”

在大多数情况下，家庭成员将为您提供清晰准确的事件。对于较老的幼儿，学龄前儿童或学龄儿童，你亚慱彩票也可以问孩子发生了什么。您可能怀疑虐待儿童或忽视：

• The child’s answer and the adult’s answers do not match or if two different adults give conflicting stories about how the injury happened. For example, a child tells you the scratches on her face came from falling into a bush. When you talk to her dad later, he says she got them from a child at a birthday party.
• 故事似乎并不符合孩子的发展水平。例如，如果父母说一个4个月大的爬出婴儿床并受伤，你可能怀疑滥用。
• 故事与伤害不一致。例如，孩子手上的烧伤痕迹看起来几乎像手套 - 他的手显然是在热的东西中淹没。他的母亲说孩子不小心抓住了炉子。当孩子拉开时，意外烧伤伤害通常会显示某种泼溅模式。

婴儿风险：

Shaken Baby Syndrome

摇晃婴儿综合症是一种头部创伤brain injury. It can be caused by someone violently shaking, dropping, or throwing an infant. Most victims of shaken baby syndrome are under the age of 1, with the average age of victim being between 3 and 8 months. When babies are shaken, their neck muscles are not strong enough to control their heads. This causes the brain to move back and forth inside the skull. The result is bleeding and bruising of the brain. The effects are even worse when the shaking ends with a sudden impact, as when a child is slammed into a crib or against a wall.

Look for the following symptoms of shaken baby syndrome. Remember, any one sign alone is not definitive evidence of abuse. Look for a combination of the following:

• Altered consciousness
• An inability to focus the eyes or track movement
• 无法抬起头部
• 减少警觉
• 呼吸困难
• 躁动
• 缺乏微笑或发声
• Lethargy
• 苍白或蓝色皮肤
• 喂养不良
• 吮吸或吞咽问题
• 刚性
• 癫痫发作
• Unequal pupil size
• Vomiting

Risks for School-Age Children:

Internet Predators and Cyber-Bullying

School-age children are growing up in a world of online social networks. They may have access to sites where they have “friends” they have never actually met. You must be on the lookout for signs that a child is engaged in dangerous or inappropriate relationships online. You will learn more about this in the Safe Environments lesson. Make sure that you monitor children’s Internet usage, and make sure they know never to meet a person they only know online. To keep children safe, make sure you:

• 当孩子们在计算机上时，总能看到监视器
• Check browser histories, apps on tablets and smartphones
• 安装阻止可疑内容的软件
• 与学龄儿童交谈有关安全互联网使用的儿童

You must also be on the lookout for children who are being victimized online. This victimization can come from other children, but it can also come from adults. There have been several high-profile cases of children being taunted, harassed, belittled, and insulted online. Sometimes, these stories come to light after the child commits suicide. Many victims are under the age of 12. Observe for the signs of emotional abuse that you will read about later in the lesson.

粉碎和掠夺性关系

后来在学龄前，孩子们可能会开始对性和浪漫关系表现出兴趣。孩子们有男朋友和女朋友并不罕见。学龄儿童对教师，教练或护理提供者粉碎也不寻常。作为家庭幼亚慱彩票APP儿提供者，您必须保持警惕这些情况，并优雅和适当地处理它们。您将在本课程后面了解一项指导和触摸政策。确保您始终在该政策的界限内采取行动。了解如何回应如果一个年长的孩子做某事让你感到不舒服：坐在你的腿上，在沙发上旁边挤压，或抓住你的手。

Remember that you are working with young children and preteens. Although the child might have a crush, sexual activity or sexual touching is never consensual. If you suspect that a child is being sexually abused by another adult or teen, you must make a report. You will learn about reporting procedures in the next lesson.

看

以下是通常与特定类型的儿童虐待和忽视相关的迹象。值得注意的是，这些类型的滥用通常比单独的组合更常见。例如，身体受伤的孩子通常也是情绪滥用，并且也可能被忽视了性虐待的孩子。记得留意意识到两种虐待：家庭和机构。您在儿童中看到的标志和行为指标可能是相似的。

在家庭育儿中识别儿童虐待和忽视亚慱彩票APP

照顾孩子是一个充满压力的工作。在那里can be a fine line between inappropriate caregiving practices and child abuse. When in doubt, talk with your coach. In the course on Preventing Child Abuse in Family Care Settings, you will learn more about positive guidance and discipline strategies. Sometimes, discipline practices cross the line into maltreatment and even abuse. You will learn more about that in the next course. This lesson focuses on clear examples of child abuse or neglect in child care settings. If you seeany在这些迹象或行为中，您应报告涉嫌虐待或忽视儿童的情况：

Signs of Abuse
身体的	A provider or household member hits or strikes a child. A provider uses corporal punishment like spanking or whipping.
sexual	A provider touches a child sexually or forces a child to touch the provider sexually.
情绪化的	一个提供者公开嘲笑一个孩子出了事故，弄脏了他的裤子。
忽视	提供者将程序留出比例或儿童无人监督。 A provider withholds food as punishment. 提供者将儿童留在实地考察中。 A provider ignores a fight between two children. 提供者在使用此类设备时，使用危险设备的同时留下儿童无监督，或者在使用此类设备时不会阻止危险行为。 提供商忽略婴儿的基本日常健康和安全需求。忽视儿童可以包括，但不限于：磨损污染的衣服或衣服，这显着太小或大，或者通常需要修理;适合天气不适用;总是似乎饿了;囤积，抢断或乞求食物;或者孩子经常向年轻的兄弟姐妹报告关怀。 Chronic neglect can include such things as lack of supervision inadequate hygiene and failure to meet a child’s educational needs.

Common Conditions Mistaken for Abuse

在那里are several medical conditions that often bring about symptoms that could be mistaken for abuse. It is important to be aware of these conditions. But remember, you are not responsible for making medical diagnoses. If you have questions, ask the family or a community resource for support.

• 蒙古斑：这些灰斑是在出生时出现的，通常看起来像瘀伤。它们通常出现在臀部或下背部，但随处可见。它们会随着时间慢慢褪色。
• 血液或出血障碍：一些遗传条件会导致严重瘀伤。
• Bone deficiencies or diseases: Some bone diseases cause bones to break easily.

Cultural Practices Mistaken for Abuse

Some cultures have rituals or healing practices that might be mistaken for signs of abuse. All suspected concerns of abuse should be immediately reported. It is not your job to determine whether something you see is a cultural practice or an instance of abuse. You should make a report and let Child Protective Services make that determination. This section is intended only to give you some basic information about customs that can be mistaken for child abuse. Two common examples are coining and cupping.

在压印，胸部，背部和肩部被用含药软膏擦拭。然后将温热的铜硬币从背部沿后的肩部摩擦。深线从压力和热量出现。这痕迹看起来像长瘀伤，通常持续数天。

拔罐是一种家庭疗法，用于缓解腿部，背部，胸部，腹部或头部的疼痛。一个小玻璃杯倒置，蜡烛在它内部点亮。杯子迅速放在皮肤上，真空效果吸引皮肤。圆形标记留在皮肤上几天。通常存在沿着患处的一系列杯标记。Michael Phelps在2016年奥运会期间将练习带入了前列。

有许多其他文化实践可能被认为是州法律的儿童虐待。如果您不确定标记是虐待儿童的迹象，它总是最好制作报告。适当的当局将决定。

做

有些步骤您可以确保识别虐待儿童的实例和忽视。采取以下步骤：

• 了解你照顾的所有孩子和他们的家人。如果你不知道什么是孩子的典型问题，你就不能认识到问题。学习孩子的模式、脾气、喜好和能力。每天与家人交谈。
• 了解孩子的发展。孩子行为的一些变化可能是惊人的 - 但完全典型的。例如，幼儿在他们的腿上或头上都没有瘀伤并不罕见。堕落是学习行走和跑步的一部分！yabo电子游艺作为典型的陌生人焦虑的一部分，幼儿可能害怕某些成年人。了解这些发展阶段可以帮助您识别孩子的行为超出通常预期的时间。
• 参加虐待儿童虐待识别和报告的培训。
• Develop respectful communication skills. If you have a concern, ask about it. Ask open-ended questions that focus on the child’s well-being. “Is it OK if I ask you about Jordan’s bruises?” or “I’ve noticed that Tasha hasn’t seemed like herself lately. Is everything OK?” If something doesn’t seem right, gather as much information as you can.
• Keep careful records. Your daily health screening can be an important tool for identifying child abuse and neglect. Look for signs or behavioral indicators and write down what you see or hear. Write down adults’ explanations for injuries and children’s explanations (if applicable). If a pattern emerges, you will have ample evidence for making your report.
• 了解你服务的孩子的文化。一些文化有可能被误认为是虐待迹象的仪式或治疗实践。如果您需要帮助，请向您的家庭儿童保育管理员或当地资源和转介机构咨询信息。当有疑问时，做一个报告。儿童保护机构将决定是否发生虐待。亚慱彩票APP
• 学习你所在州的报告程序。您将在下一课中进一步了解这一点。

对于年龄较大的学龄前亚慱彩票儿童和学龄儿童：

Be prepared to recognize the signs of child abuse and neglect in school-age children. School-age children may become good at hiding physical signs of abuse and neglect. You might become suspicious because of something you hear. A child may also tell you that he or she is experiencing abuse or neglect. If a child tells you about abuse or neglect, according to educator Kenneth R. Lafontaine (1999):

• 孩子必须自愿提供信息。避免询问询问领先的问题，“他虐待了你吗？”或者“她碰到了私人零件吗？”许多案件的虐待和忽视已经未经证实，因为法院决定儿童的证词受到成年人问题的影响。
• Let the child know he or she is doing the right thing.
• 明确虐待和忽视不是孩子的错。
• 控制自己的情绪，保持冷静。
• 不要承诺不说。你不能保留这个承诺。您必须通过提交报告来保证儿童安全。
• Report the case immediately.
• 保密信息，只与需要知道的人分享信息。